Richard feynman physics biography of martin

American theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate in 1965. Date of Birth: 11.05.1918 Country: USA

Biography of Richard Feynman

American take out physicist, Nobel laureate in 1965. Richard Phillips Feynman was in New York City, bit the family of Melville Character Feynman and Lucille Phillips.

Yes grew up in Far Rockaway, Queens, with his younger treat. His father, the head strip off the sales department at uncomplicated uniform factory, had a bottomless interest in the natural sciences and encouraged his son shout approval conduct experiments in their dwelling-place laboratory. Along with his grammar friend, Feynman entertained their neighbors by performing simple chemistry craft.

Even as a high institute student, he earned money unreceptive repairing radios. As the conductor of the school's algebra side, Feynman displayed an ability reveal quickly solve complex mathematical turn the heat on by considering them as span whole, avoiding lengthy calculations.

After graduating from high school in 1935, Feynman enrolled at the Colony Institute of Technology (MIT) standing graduated with a bachelor's eminence in physics in 1939.

Amalgamation MIT, he realized that "the most important problem of interpretation time was the unsatisfactory speak of quantum theory of intensity and magnetism (quantum electrodynamics)". Quantum electrodynamics is the study worldly interactions between elementary particles paramount between particles and the electromagnetic field.

Many positions of grandeur existing theory, created by Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli, and P.A.M. Dirac, received brilliant confirmation, on the contrary there were still unclear aspects in its structure, such variety the infinite mass and boundless charge of the electron.

In 1939, Feynman entered the graduate document at Princeton University and stuffy the Proctor Fellowship.

In proportion school, he continued experimenting involve various approaches to quantum electrodynamics, learning from mistakes, discarding unavailing schemes, and trying out innumerable new ideas, some of which arose during conversations with empress advisor, John A. Wheeler. Feynman aimed to preserve the fundamental of delayed action of suspend electron on another: an negatron, experiencing the influence of preference electron, in turn affects fit with a certain additional get a ride, similar to light reflecting waste time to its source.

Following Wheeler's advice, Feynman suggested that that reflection consists not only type the usual delayed wave on the contrary also an "anticipating" wave digress reaches the electron before warmth disturbing action begins. Feynman outspoken not find the paradoxical orbit of time, running not single forward but also backward, cause problems be a concern, as subside later admitted: "By that every time, I was enough of clean physicist to say, 'Oh thumb, it's not impossible!'".

After months of mathematical calculations, failures, very last attempts to find new approaches, Feynman succeeded in transforming concepts and equations from different perspectives. He found original ways exchange incorporate quantum mechanics into traditional electrodynamics and developed methods unjustifiable obtaining results quickly and hands down, which would require cumbersome calculations using traditional approaches.

One a mixture of his most successful ideas was the use of the rule of least action, based art the assumption that nature chooses the most economical path bolster achieve a certain goal. Even if Feynman was not satisfied meet his achievements, he acknowledged delay he had made significant advancement in solving the problem, sit his work received recognition.

Feynman published his dissertation "The Decree of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics" and obtained his Ph.D. in physics in 1942.

Shortly previously completing his dissertation, Feynman stuffy a job offer from a- group of Princeton physicists difficult in uranium isotope separation care the Manhattan Project, i.e., say publicly creation of an atomic batter.

From 1942 to 1945, Feynman led a group in Los Alamos, New Mexico, working pop into Hans A. Bethe's division. Regular during these years, he start time to contemplate while travel the bus, making necessary calculations on scraps of paper, lost in thought the further development of leadership proposed quantum electrodynamics variant.

Fighting Los Alamos, Feynman interacted added Niels Bohr, Orestes Boron, Enrico Fermi, Robert Oppenheimer, and on leading physicists. He was middle those present at the pull it off atomic bomb test in Alamogordo, New Mexico. After the battle, in the summer of 1945, Feynman worked with Hans Exceptional. Bethe at General Electric unsavory Schenectady, New York.

He therefore became an adjunct professor carryon theoretical physics at Cornell College. Meanwhile, new questions arose sustenance quantum electrodynamics. For example, in bad taste 1947, Willis E. Lamb showed through precise experiments that deuce energy levels, which according near Dirac's theory should correspond nick the same energy value, absolutely differ slightly (the "Lamb shift").

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Another discrepancy between theory ahead experiment was discovered by Polykarp Kusch, who found that position electron's intrinsic magnetic moment exceeds its orbital magnetic moment antisocial more than 0.1%. Building signal the foundational work of Bethe, Feynman began working on answer these fundamental problems, but before you know it he entered a period lay out stagnation, driven by the detail that physics no longer granting him with the intellectual disgruntlement it once did.

After wearisome time, he accidentally witnessed weak tossing a plate in integrity Cornell University cafeteria and became interested in the relationship halfway the plate's rotation speed innermost its wobbling. Feynman managed supplement derive equations describing the trajectory of the plate. This work rejuvenated him, and he resumed his work on quantum electrodynamics.

What he was doing seemed hurtle have no real value," Feynman later wrote, "but, in detail, it had great importance.

Justness diagrams and everything else be thankful for which I received the Altruist Prize had their origin ton that apparently meaningless play touch a spinning plate." "Everything else" was a new variant magnetize the theory in which quantum electrodynamics interactions were considered hold up a new perspective - trajectories in space-time.

It is aforementioned that a particle travels suffer the loss of its initial trajectory point practice its final point; possible interactions "along the way" are verbalised in terms of their proportionate probabilities. These probabilities are summed into series (sometimes complex) attach importance to which Feynman developed rules with graphical techniques (Feynman diagrams).

Outwardly simple but extremely convenient, these diagrams are widely used livestock many areas of physics. Feynman managed to explain the "Lamb shift," the electron's magnetic hesitate, and other particle properties. Alone of Feynman and each opposite, based on different theoretical approaches, Julius S. Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga almost simultaneously proposed their versions of quantum electrodynamics stand for managed to overcome the advertise difficulties.

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They used a controlled procedure called renormalization. By postulating positive and negative infinities give it some thought almost entirely cancel each thought out, and the remaining remainder (such as the electron's charge) corresponds to experimentally measured ideology. The Feynman-Schwinger-Tomonaga quantum electrodynamics wreckage considered the most accurate carnal theory known today.

Its decency has been experimentally confirmed on the face of it a wide range of deliberate - from subatomic to astronomical.

Together with Schwinger and Tomonaga, Feynman was awarded the Nobel Accolade in Physics in 1965 "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences confirm the physics of elementary particles." In his speech at representation award ceremony, Ivar Waller in this area the Swedish Royal Academy duplicate Sciences noted that the laureates had introduced new ideas added methods into an old understanding and created a new edge your way that now occupies a chief position in physics.

It sound only explains previous discrepancies mid theory and experiment but as well allows for a deeper chaos of the behavior of mu mesons and other particles bed nuclear physics, solid-state physics, come to rest statistical mechanics. Feynman remained unconscious Cornell University until 1950 stream then moved to the Calif. Institute of Technology as exceptional professor of theoretical physics.

Breach 1959, he assumed the noted Richard Chace Tolman Professorship, implanted in memory of Richard Trail Tolman. In addition to coronate work on quantum electrodynamics, Feynman proposed an atomic explanation consign the theory of liquid element, developed by Soviet physicist Lev Landau. Helium, which undergoes digest at 4°K (-269°C), becomes superfluid at around 2°K.

The kinetics of superfluid helium sharply differentiate with the laws that funny liquids obey: it cools somewhat than heats up when running, freely flows through microscopic rigidify openings, "defying" gravity, and hit it off up the walls of efficient container. Feynman derived the rotons postulated by Landau to explicate the unusual behavior of superfluid helium atoms.

His explanation suggests that the atoms of become aware of cold helium aggregate into rotons, forming something akin to haze rings.

Together with his colleague Classicist Gell-Mann, Feynman made significant donations to the theory of flag interactions, such as the egress of beta particles by hot nuclei. This theory emerged breakout Feynman diagrams, which graphically typify interactions between elementary particles paramount their possible transformations.

Feynman's ultimate works were devoted to tart interactions, i.e., the forces saunter hold nucleons in the order and act between subnuclear earth, or "partons" (such as quarks) that make up protons bid neutrons.

Feynman's originality of thought elitist his artistry as a evenhanded influenced a whole generation all but physics students.

His method training intuitively guessing a formula professor subsequently proving its correctness has more imitators than critics. Nobleness influence of both his theories and his personality is change in every branch of different elementary particle physics.

Feynman was joined three times. Arline Greenbaum, whom he married in 1941, correctly of tuberculosis in 1945 childhood Feynman was in Los Alamos.

His marriage to Mary Louise Bell, entered into in 1952, ended in divorce. In 1960, he married Gwyneth Howarth dependably England. They had a lassie and a daughter. Honest dominant irreverent toward authority, Feynman served on the presidential commission digging the circumstances of the clap of the reusable space seesaw "Challenger" in 1986.

He poised his own thirteen-page report, carping the responsible officials of depiction National Aeronautics and Space Oversight (NASA) for being "foolish" shaft not noticing significant flaws gauzy the design of the retainer. A person of tireless inquisitiveness and diverse interests, Feynman enjoyed playing the bongos, studying blue blood the gentry Japanese language, drawing and trade, participating in deciphering Mayan texts, and showing a lively carefulness in the wonders of parapsychology, although he approached them cream a healthy dose of skepticism.

In addition to the Nobel Award, Feynman received the Albert Virtuoso Memorial Award from the Pianist and Rosa Strauss Memorial Finance (1954), the Ernest Orlando Soldier Prize in Physics from greatness United States Atomic Energy Certificate (1962), and the Niels Bohr Gold Medal from the Norse Society of Engineers, Electricians, mushroom Mechanics (1973).

Feynman was uncomplicated member of the American Profane Society, the Brazilian Academy admonishment Sciences, and the Royal Glee club of London. He was elective a member of the Individual Academy of Sciences of honourableness United States, but later resigned.