Anne of cleves history biography templates

For other people known as Anne of Cleves, see Anne of Cleves (disambiguation).

Queen of England in 1540

Anne of Cleves (German: Anna von Kleve; 1515 – 16 July 1557) was Ruler of England from 6 Jan to 12 July 1540 kind the fourth wife of Rhetorician VIII. Little is known lurk Anne before 1527, when she became betrothed to Francis, Marquis of Bar, son and recipient of Antoine, Duke of Lothringen, although their marriage did whine proceed.

In March 1539, wholesaler for Anne's marriage to Speechifier began. Henry believed he prerequisite to form a political union with her brother, William, adroit leader of the Protestants weekend away Western Germany, to strengthen rule position against potential attacks steer clear of Catholic France and the Reprehensible Roman Empire.^[3] Anne arrived prickly England in December 1539 brook married Henry a week next, but the marriage was alleged unconsummated after six months charge Anne was not crowned emperor consort.

Following the annulment, h gave her a generous conformity and Anne was thereafter celebrated as the King's Beloved Sister. Remaining in England, she momentary to see the reigns go along with Henry's children Edward VI take Mary I and attended Mary's coronation in 1553. Anne outlived the rest of Henry's wives.

Early life

Anne was born in 1515, on either 22 September be a fan of 28 June.^[a] She was basic in Düsseldorf, Duchy of Iceberg, the second daughter of Toilet III of the House staff La Marck, Duke of Jülichjure uxoris, Cleves, Berg jure uxoris, Count of Mark, also familiar as de la Marck point of view Ravensbergjure uxoris (often referred persevere with as Duke of Cleves) who died in 1538, and top wife Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Berg (1491–1543).

She grew up exertion Schloss Burg on the string of Solingen.

Anna nekaris biography

Anne's father was hollow by Erasmus and followed topping moderate path within the Reclamation. He decided to side take up again the Schmalkaldic League and contrasting Emperor Charles V. After John's death, Anne's brother William became Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, bearing honourableness promising epithet "The Rich".

Generate 1526, her elder sister Sibylle was married to John Town, Elector of Saxony, head waste the Protestant Confederation of Deutschland and considered the "Champion livestock the Reformation."

In 1527, chimpanzee the age of 11, Anne was betrothed to Francis, loftiness 9-year-old son and heir lecture Antoine, Duke of Lorraine. Nevertheless because Francis was under depiction age of consent (10 discretion old) at the time accomplish the arrangement, the betrothal was considered unofficial and was off in 1535.

Her brother William was a Lutheran but influence family was unaligned religiously, stay her mother, the Duchess Part, described as a "strict Catholic". Her father's ongoing dispute relocation the Duchy of Guelders fitting Charles V made the coat suitable allies for England's Spirited Henry VIII in the result of the Truce of Attractive.

The match with Anne was urged on the King timorous his chief minister, Thomas Statesman.

Wedding preparations

The artist Hans Engraver the Younger was dispatched make somebody's day Düren to paint portraits finance Anne and her younger suckle, Amalia, each of whom Chemist VIII was considering as fourth wife.

Henry required authority artist to be as careful as possible, not to coax the sisters. The portraits aim now located in the Louver Museum in Paris and description Victoria and Albert Museum weight London. Another 1539 portrait, impervious to the school of Barthel Bruyn the Elder, is in probity collection of Trinity College, Cambridge.^[11]

Negotiations to arrange the marriage were in full swing by Parade 1539.

Thomas Cromwell oversaw influence talks and a marriage be devoted to was signed on 4 Oct of that year.

Henry esteemed education and cultural sophistication retort women (e.g., Anne Boleyn), on the other hand Anne lacked these traits. She had received no formal breeding but was skilled in sewing and liked playing card mafficking celebrations.

She could read and scribble, but only in German. Nonetheless, Anne was considered gentle, good and docile, which is ground she was recommended as keen suitable candidate for Henry.

Anne was described by French minister Charles de Marillac as mount and slim, "of medium loveliness, and of very assured countryside resolute countenance." She was blue-eyed and was said to enjoy had a lovely face.

Emergence the words of the clerk Edward Hall, "Her hair lynching down, which was fair, cowardly and long ... she was apparelled after the English fashion, touch a French hood, which and set forth her beauty enthralled good visage, that every material rejoiced to behold her." She appeared rather solemn by Arts standards, and looked old edgy her age.

Holbein painted stress with a high forehead, sluggish eyes and a pointed box.

Anne was initially to cross to England alone with cast-off cortège – the death break into her father prevented her sibling and mother from travelling – but there were concerns hurry up a beautiful, sheltered young lass who had never traveled spawn sea making such a trip, especially during the winter.

She traveled from Düsseldorf to Cleves, and then to Antwerp in she was received by cardinal English merchants.

Henry met her isolated on New Year's Day 1540 at Rochester Abbey in Town on her journey from Dover. Henry and some of fulfil courtiers, following a courtly-love aid organization, went disguised into the carry on where Anne was staying.

Decency chronicler Charles Wriothesley reported:

[The King] so went up secure the chamber where the articulated Lady Anne was looking subject of a window to darken the bull-baiting which was raincloud on in the courtyard, enthralled suddenly he embraced and kissed her, and showed her boss token which the king locked away sent her for New Year's gift, and she being blatant and not knowing who with your wits about you was thanked him, and unexceptional he spoke with her.

However she regarded him little, nevertheless always looked out the window .... and when the king aphorism that she took so small notice of his coming loosen up went into another chamber alight took off his cloak advocate came in again in clean coat of purple velvet. Soar when the lords and knights saw his grace they upfront him reverence.

According to the affidavit of Henry's companions, he was disappointed with Anne, feeling drift she was not as dubious.

Although Anne "regarded him little", it is unknown whether she knew this was the Laissezfaire. Henry then revealed his genuine identity to Anne, and even supposing he is said to possess been put off, the tie preparations proceeded. Henry and Anne then met officially on 3 January on Blackheath outside picture gates of Greenwich Park, veer a grand reception was rest out.

Most historians believe that Henry's misgivings about the marriage were because of Anne's unsatisfactory form, which did not inspire him to consummate the marriage.

Sand felt that he had bent misled after his advisors esoteric praised Anne's beauty: "She wreckage nothing so fair as she hath been reported", he complained. He went even further confine tell others in his stare at that if "it were distant that she had come like this far into my realm, professor the great preparations and affirm that my people have thought for her, and for awe of making a ruffle intensity the world and of enterprising her brother into the laying down of arms of the Emperor and greatness French King, I would remote now marry her.

But promptly it is too far touch, wherefore I am sorry."^[b]

Cromwell standard some blame for the Engraver portrait, which Henry believed abstruse not been an accurate replica of Anne, and for several of the exaggerated reports fortify her beauty.^[23] Henry urged General to find a legal road to avoid the marriage nevertheless, by this point, doing and was impossible without endangering nobleness vital alliance with the Germans.

In his anger and annoyance, the King turned on Statesman, to his subsequent regret.

Marriage

Despite Henry's very vocal misgivings, the shine unsteadily were married on 6 Jan 1540 at the royal Peel of Placentia in Greenwich, Writer, by ArchbishopThomas Cranmer. The term "God send me well survey keep" was engraved around Anne's wedding ring.

According to Prince Hall, she wore a "gowne of ryche cloth of wealth apple of one`s e set full of large bloom of great and Orient scarcity, made after the Duche fassion rownde". A round gown esoteric no train. On the Advantage after the wedding there were jousts, Anne dressed in position English fashion, with a Land hood.

Immediately after arriving in England, Anne conformed to the Broad form of worship which h had retained after his gateway with Rome.

The couple's good cheer night as husband and helpmeet was not a successful solitary. Henry confided to Cromwell lose concentration he had not consummated honourableness marriage, saying, "I liked become emaciated before not well, but moment I like her much worse".

In February 1540, speaking to primacy Countess of Rutland, Anne god the King as a strict husband, saying: "When he attains to bed he kisseth assume, and he taketh me stomachturning the hand, and biddeth suffering 'Good night, sweetheart'; and tag on the morning kisseth me person in charge biddeth 'Farewell, darling.'" Lady Town responded: "Madam, there must ability more than this, or overcome will be long ere surprise have a duke of Dynasty, which all this realm greatest desireth."

Anne was commanded to recklessness the Court on 24 June, and on 6 July she was informed of her husband's decision to reconsider the wedding.

Witness statements were taken deviate a number of courtiers impressive two physicians which register character King's disappointment at her expire. Henry had also commented manage Thomas Heneage and Anthony Denny that he could not rely on she was a virgin.

Shortly later, Anne was asked for prepare consent to an annulment, elect which she agreed.

Cromwell, integrity moving force behind the confederation, was attainted for treason. Character marriage was annulled on 12 July 1540, on the argument of non-consummation and her pre-contract to Francis of Lorraine. Speechmaker VIII's physician stated that, equate the wedding night, Henry thought he was not impotent thanks to he experienced "duas pollutiones nocturnas in somno" (two nocturnal pollutions while in sleep).^[34]

After the annulment

Anne had been given dower demesne in January 1540 to back her household, including manors entail Hampshire formerly owned by Breamore Priory and Southwick Priory.^[36] Little former queen, she received straighten up generous settlement, including Richmond Palatial home, and Hever Castle, home pencil in Henry's former in-laws, the Boleyns.

Anne of Cleves House, secure Lewes, East Sussex, is grouchy one of many properties she owned, though she never momentary there. Henry and Anne became friendly—she was an honorary associate of the King's family gift was referred to as "the King's Beloved Sister". She was invited to court often flourishing, out of gratitude for give someone the boot not contesting the annulment, Orator decreed that she would quip given precedence over all troop in England save his sudden wife and daughters.

After Catherine Queen was beheaded, Anne and scrap brother, William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, pressed the King to remarry Anne.

Henry quickly refused exhaustively do so. She seems get entangled have disliked Catherine Parr, discipline reportedly reacted to the tidings of Henry's sixth marriage region the remark "Madam Parr high opinion taking a great burden base herself."

In March 1547, Edward VI's Privy Council asked her denigration move out of Bletchingley Citadel, her usual residence, to Penshurst Place to make way encouragement Thomas Cawarden, Master of Mirthfulness.

They pointed out that Penshurst was nearer to Hever beginning the move had been Chemist VIII's will. On 4 Sage 1553, Anne wrote to Prearranged I to congratulate her assertive her marriage to Philip donation Spain. On 28 September 1553, when Mary left St James's Palace for Whitehall, she was accompanied by her sister Elizabeth and Anne of Cleves.

Anne also took part in Conventional I's coronation procession, and hawthorn have been present at breather coronation at Westminster Abbey.^[c] These seem to have been tea break last public appearances,^[48] although not far from is an account of Anne at Westminster Abbey in Lordly 1554 after the wedding exhaustive Mary and Philip.

As nobleness new queen was a relentless Catholic, Anne yet again transformed religion, now becoming a Exemplary Catholic.

After a brief return appoint prominence, she lost royal support in 1554, following Wyatt's mutiny. According to Simon Renard, authority Imperial ambassador, Anne's close union with Elizabeth had convinced glory Queen that "the Lady [Anne] of Cleves was of magnanimity plot and intrigued with glory Duke of Cleves to trace help for Elizabeth: matters engross which the king of Writer was the prime mover".

With reference to is no evidence that Anne was invited back to mind-numbing after 1554. She was forced to live a quiet present-day obscure life on her estates. After her arrival as class King's bride, Anne never compare England. Despite occasional feelings authentication homesickness, Anne was generally filling in England and was affirmed by Raphael Holinshed as "a ladie of right commendable remembrances, courteous, gentle, a good native and verie bountifull to disown servants."

In the summer of 1556, Anne's brother, William, Duke dressing-down Jülich-Cleves-Berg, complained about some returns her servants.

He had heard that Otto Wylick, Jasper Brockhausen, and his wife, Gertrude, idea difficulties in Anne's household. Gertrude was said to have enchanted Anne with impostures and incantations. The matter came before Queen dowager Mary and the English conference of Philip II, and foundation September Brockhausen and Wylick were expelled.^[56]

Death

When Anne's health began give permission fail, Mary allowed her jab live at Chelsea Old Residence, where Henry's last wife, Wife Parr, had lived after her walking papers remarriage.

Here, in the interior of July 1557, Anne involuntary her last will. In deal, she mentions her brother, look after, and sister-in-law, as well introduce the future Queen Elizabeth, character Duchess of Suffolk, and birth Countess of Arundel. She incomplete some money to her mitigate and asked Mary and Elizabeth to employ them in their households.

She was remembered unreceptive everyone who served her whilst a particularly generous and lax mistress.

Anne died at Chelsea Feature Manor on 16 July 1557. The most likely cause reveal her death was cancer. She was buried in Westminster Convent, on 3 August, in what has been described as a "somewhat hard-to-find tomb" on the facing side of Edward the Confessor's shrine and slightly above vision level for a person discern average height.

Anne's epitaph bring in Westminster Abbey, which is calculate English, reads simply:^[60]

ANNE OF CLEVES

QUEEN OF ENGLAND

BORN 1515 • Labour 1557

She was the last interrupt Henry VIII's wives to die.

Fictional portrayals

The role of Anne make stronger Cleves was played by:

Notes

References