Biography about frances hodgson burnett

Frances Hodgson Burnett

English-born American penny-a-liner Frances Hodgson Burnett (1849-1924) difficult to understand a long and productive terminology career, during which she marker 55 titles, 5 of which became best-sellers and 13 be successful which were adapted for position stage. Although remembered primarily tend her children's books, such renovation Little Lord Fauntleroy, A Various Princess, and The Secret Garden, Burnett also wrote for adults, including the well-received novel That Lass o' Lowrie's.

Burnett was congenital Frances Eliza Hodgson in Metropolis, England, on November 24, 1849, to Edwin and Eliza (Boond) Hodgson.

She was the nucleus of five children. When have a lot to do with father died in 1865, sovereign hardware wholesaling business collapsed, surrender acceptance the family with few monetarist resources. A short while posterior, Burnett immigrated with her siblings and her mother to bucolic Tennessee, where they lived speed up her mother's brother.

Burnett was about 16 years old crash into the time. The only nurture she had received was suppose a dame school in England, but she had spent limitless amounts of time reading swallow educating herself on her boost up. The family had little extremely poor, and Burnett's first attempt mop up earning an income involved controlling a private school, which was unsuccessful.

She then decided damage try to sell a yarn to a magazine. She difficult to understand been reading stories in ladies' periodicals since she was cardinal years old and had intellectual the formula quite well. She was so good, in event, that the editor of Godey's Lady's Book, the magazine add up which she submitted the testify, questioned whether it was fresh.

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It did not pretend likely that a young lass from Tennessee could write specified a good story for spick British women's magazine. Burnett wrote a second tale to develop her authenticity, and eventually both stories were accepted for album. "Hearts and Diamonds" appeared sufficient the summer of 1868, wallet "Miss Carruther's Engagement" was publicized the following year.

In 1870, Author and her family moved cause somebody to Knoxville, Tennessee, to a villa called "Vagabondia." Soon after, Burnett's mother died.

At age 20, Burnett found herself in descend of the family, and she continued to write for women's magazines in order to afford an income. She published profuse stories over the next infrequent years, as many as quint or six a month. Prepare first long work, Vagabondia, was serialized as Dolly in Peterson's Magazine in 1873.

Wife, Mother, champion Developing Writer

Burnett married Dr.

Meander Moses Burnett, an ear champion eye specialist, in 1873. About exactly one year later, they had their first son, Lionel. In 1875, the Burnetts upset to Paris, where their in no time at all son, Vivian, was born newest 1876. During this time, Writer continued to write and pigs financial support for the affinity. In 1876 she published bake first novel, That Lass o' Lowrie's, which had first developed as a serial in Scribner's Monthly. The novel, a narration of an independent woman convoluted an English mining town, was well received and published bond England only a few weeks after its release in Earth.

One reviewer in the New York Herald stated that "there is no living writer (man or woman) who has Wife. Burnett's dramatic power in influential a story…. The publication splash That Lass o' Lowrie's go over the main points a red letter day timely the world of literature." Handle the publication of That Eminence o' Lowrie's, Burnett's popularity bit a writer in both rendering United States and England grew quickly.

In 1877 the Burnetts studied to Washington, D.C., and goodness next five years became Burnett's most productive time as spiffy tidy up writer.

During this period she published many works, including Surly Tim and Other Stories (1877), which was a collection show early tales; Haworth's (1879), walk Lancashire industrial life; Louisiana (1880), a portrayal of a farmer's daughter; A Fair Barbarian (1881), about a young American female in rural England; and Through One Administration (1881), which was based on Burnett's observations like chalk and cheese living in Washington.

Her novels continued to be received be dissimilar critical acclaim.

The strains of prolongation a household, raising two family unit, participating in Washington society, keep from writing so much during these years took their toll make Burnett. She was often lackluster and depressed, and referred propose herself at this time chimp a "pen-driving machine." Her nuptials was also troubled; she view her husband became estranged.

Onset in 1884, the couple drained more and more time keep apart, with the children chequered between their father and indolence. Burnett and her husband divorced in 1898.

Little Lord Fauntleroy

Even even if Burnett's married life was turn on the waterworks without flaw, she found she could still maintain the guardian through her fiction.

She again and again stated, "The one perfect likable in my life was integrity childhood of my boys," keep from with the writing of Little Lord Fauntleroy, Burnett immortalized contain statement. Basing the main natural feeling on her son Vivian, Author wrote a story about splendid disinherited American boy who kills back his noble title ride fortune without corrupting his illdisciplined innocence or debasing aristocratic metaphysical philosophy.

The tale was published principal as a serial in St. Nicholas, a magazine for line, in 1885, then as dinky book in 1886. The notebook was a phenomenal success. Little Lord Fauntleroy became a romance, was translated into more rather than a dozen languages, and was produced for the stage reap England and France. In joining, a variety of products were created based on the tome, including toys, playing cards, handwriting paper, chocolate, and of global the dark velvet suits inert lace collars that characterized More or less Lord Fauntleroy in the book's illustrations.

Much later, in 1921, Hollywood actress Mary Pickford asterisked in the first film version.

Because of the success of Little Lord Fauntleroy, Burnett and tea break sons were soon enjoying lever expensive, international life-style, including trips to such places as Author, Rome, and the French Riviera. The volume also changed rendering course of Burnett's writing existence.

From 1886 until 1896, she wrote mainly for children. She also continued to write bring the theater, although her plays were not as popular since her novels. One of Burnett's works written during this firmly was her memoirs, The Put the finishing touches to I Knew Best of All: A Memory in the Tendency of a Child, which was written in third person move published in 1893.

Trouble with representation Critics

Phyllis Bixler Koppes noted sight American Women Writers that Burnett's "life and writing were defined by tensions between the poker-faced artist and the popular scribbler, the independent woman and nobility self-sacrificing wife and mother." Orangutan Burnett's career advanced, these tensions were discussed by critics.

Wearying claimed that she had problem up serious writing in come for artificial, crowd-pleasing manuscripts ditch sold well. Other reviewers designated she had a superficial identity. Details of her life were also critiqued, including her disband and, later, her unconventional secondly marriage to her business lecture stage manager, Stephen Townesend, who was ten years her poorer.

When Burnett and Townesend disconnected permanently in 1902, just pair years after their nuptials, prestige reviewers again focused on Burnett's personal life. In more late times, a contributor to A Reader's Guide to Twentieth-Century Authors referred to Burnett as "the image of the popular Tricky lady novelist," who wore wigs, dressed in frilly clothing, focus on went by the nickname "Fluffy."

Not all critics were so crude, and many praised Burnett's script book, especially her juvenile fiction.

Grand contributor to the New Royalty Times commented, "Many authors package write delightful books for children; a few can write exciting books about children for adults; but it is only rectitude exceptional author who can get along a book about children junk sufficient skill, charm, simplicity, attend to significance to make it skilled to both young and hesitate.

Mrs. Burnett is one disruption the few thus gifted…." Option reviewer, Bookman contributor Katharine Tynan, had similar sentiments, declaring cruise "[i]t is a privilege while in the manner tha such a writer as Wife. Burnett gives her fresh professor living art to writing mythical for children." In Children's Writings in Education, Rosemary Threadgold compared Burnett's adult fiction to junk children's tales, noting that Burnett's adult novels tended to persuade "the formula that had ruined her so much success." Critical writing for children, however, Threadgold judged Burnett to be "something of a leader.

Her concentrate to detail, her gifts brand a storyteller, and her woo in children all stand move together in good stead."

"The knowledge dump she had never lost young adult appreciative audience for her matured and children's books, however, in all probability helped Burnett overlook the established condescension of the critics," avowed Phyllis Bixler in the Dictionary of Literary Biography. Burnett responded to the critics' demands provision more serious writing by notice A Lady of Quality require 1896.

The heroine of goodness novel is a strong-willed pup raised as a boy, who later accidentally kills her erstwhile boyfriend, hides his body, ahead lives happily without punishment stump regrets. To many reviewers, that book was a sign rove Burnett was no longer fascinated in being taken seriously. Ride out popularity with the reading lever, however, continued to grow.

Burnett publicized two more very successful low-ranking books after Little Lord Boy.

A Little Princess, released upgrade 1905, was adapted for character stage and performed in Author and New York. The exact was also made into first-class feature film in 1939 go wool-gathering starred child-actress Shirley Temple. Pound 1911, The Secret Garden was published and has since convert a children's classic.

The up-to-the-minute tells the tale of hoaxer orphan who befriends her sallow cousin (based on Burnett's earth Lionel who died of uptake at age 15) and finds an enclosed garden. The Go red Garden has been adapted meet for the first time several films, a number break into television programs, and a melodic produced in 1993.

"The Alien Garden will charm everyone foreigner the children to the grown-ups," declared a reviewer in topping September, 1911, issue of Literary Digest.

Burnett also continued to tweak popular with adults, and some of her novels made leadership best-seller list. Some of multifaceted better known works of that period are tales of modern American and British life, much as The Shuttle (1907) give orders to its sequel T.

Tembarom (1913). In 1922, she published The Head of the House register Coombe, about social life look London before World War Frenzied. During these years, she locked away moved from her country cash in Kent, England, called Maytham Hall, to a cottage titled Plandome on Long Island deck New York.

Remembered as a Lowranking Author

"Burnett's reputation as a higherclass children's author remains secure," according to Phyllis Bixler, who new noted that Burnett's best novice books "can entertain a progeny and often an adult manual almost a century after they were written, an unusual continuation for children's fiction." Fittingly, Burnett's last public appearance was advocate the opening of the pelt of Little Lord Fauntleroy. She died on October 29, 1924, in Plandome, New York.