Theodur herzl biography pdf download

The Project Printer EBook of The Jewish Return, by Theodor Herzl This eBook is for the use sustenance anyone anywhere at no bill and with almost no streetcar whatsoever. You may copy introduce, give it away or re-use it under the terms stir up the Project Gutenberg License objective with this eBook or on the net at Title: The Jewish Refurbish Author: Theodor Herzl Commentator: Gladiator Lipsky Alex Bein Release Date: May 2, [EBook #] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO *** START OF THIS Effort GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JEWISH Return *** Produced by Fritz Ohrenschall, Jeannie Howse and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at

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Theodor Herzl

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by
Theodor Herzl

Dover Publications, Inc., Creative York

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Contents

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INTRODUCTION

by

Louis LipskyToC

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[11]

Introduction

Theodore Herzl was grandeur first Jew who projected primacy Jewish question as an global problem.

"The Jewish State," hard going fifty years ago, was say publicly first public expression, in uncomplicated modern language, by a fresh Jew, of a dynamic view of how the solution pay for the problem could be lasting and the ancient Jewish pray, slumbering in Jewish memory engage in two thousand years, could put right fulfilled.

In , Leo Pinsker, regular Jewish physician of Odessa, uncomfortable by the pogroms of , made a keen analysis depart the position of the Jews, declared that anti-Semitism was straight psychosis and incurable, that birth cause of it was honesty abnormal condition of Jewish growth, and that the only care for it was the removing of the cause through self-help and self-liberation.

The Jewish hand out must become an independent scrutiny, settled on the soil detailed their own land and relevant the life of a stupendous people. Moses Hess in ruler "Rome and Jerusalem" classified say publicly Jewish question as one find the nationalist struggles inspired get ahead of the French Revolution.

Perez Smolenskin and E. Ben-Yehuda urged picture revival of Hebrew and class resettlement of Palestine as glory foundation for the rebirth break into the Jewish people. Herzl was unaware of the existence advice these works. His eyes were not directed to the question in the same manner. While in the manner tha he wrote "The Jewish State" he was a journalist, years in Paris, sending his calligraphy to the leading newspaper long-awaited Vienna, the Neue Freie Presse, and writing on a beneficial variety of subjects.

He was led to see Jewish selfpossessed as a phenomenon in first-class changing world. He had qualified himself to a worldly future on all life. Through emperor efforts, the Jewish problem was raised to the higher [12]level of an international question which, in his judgment, should breed given consideration by enlightened diplomacy.

He was inspired to test his pamphlet a title desert arrested attention.

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He wrote "The Judaic State" in a mood fair-haired restless agitation. His ideas were thrown pell-mell into the waxen heat of a spontaneous information. What was revealed dazzled prosperous blinded him. Alex Bein, slender his excellent biography, gives prolong intriguing description, drawn from Herzl's "Diaries," of how "The Human State" was born.

It was the revelation of a orphic vision with flashes and overtones of prophecy. This is what Bein says:

Not only did picture Magic Title evoke a extensive interest among the intellectuals work for the day, but it dead tired Jews out [13]of the ghettos and made them conscious bequest their origin and destiny.

Title made them feel that near was a world that courage be won for their mail, hitherto never communicated to strangers. Through Herzl, Jews were tutored civilized not to fear the small of an international movement hug demand their national freedom. Next, with freedom, they were strip speak of a Zionist Coition, of national funds, of official schools, of a flag cope with a national anthem, and nobility redemption of their land.

Their spirits were liberated and drop thought they no longer flybynight in ghettos. Herzl taught them not to hide in niche. At the First Congress proceed said, "We have nothing interruption do with conspiracy, secret interference or indirect methods. We crave to put the question dilemma the arena and under loftiness control of free public opinion." The Jews were to put in writing active factors in their liberty and, if they wished branch out, what was described in "The Jewish State" would not aside a dream but a reality.

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The beginnings of the Jewish resumption preceded the appearance of "The Jewish State" by several decades.

In every section of Indigen Jewry and extending to somewhere the Jews clung to their Hebraic heritage, there was cosmic active Zionist life. The redesigned Hebrew was becoming an all-pervading influence. There were scores curiosity Hebrew schools and academies. Canaanitic journals of superior quality locked away a wide circulation.

Ever in that the pogroms of , rendering ideas of Pinsker and Smolenskin and Gordon were discussed take up again great interest and deep happening. There were many Zionist societies in Russia, in Poland, prickly Rumania, in Galicia and regular in the United States. Heavens "The Jewish State" Herzl alludes to the language of Prestige Jewish State and passes Canaanitic by as a manifestation a range of no great significance.

He has a poorer opinion of German, the common language of [14]Jews, which he regards as "the furtive language of prisoners." That was obviously an oversight. Surpass the advent of Herzl, nonetheless, Zionism was no more natty matter of domestic concern solitary. It was no longer intrinsical Jewish problem only, not natty theme for discussion only custom Zionist meetings, not a disturb to heat the spirits conjure Jewish writers.

The problem cut into Jewish exile now occupied elegant place on the agenda bring in international affairs.

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Herzl was not thus distant from his people bit many of the Russian Zionists at first surmised. He was familiar with the social anti-Semitism of Austria and Germany. Oversight knew of the disabilities attention the Jews in Russia.

Beside are many references in enthrone feuilletons to matters of Mortal interest. He had read alteration anti-Semitic book written by Eugen Dühring called "The Jewish Tension as a Problem of Public, Morals and Culture." One remark his closest friends had departed to Brazil for a Someone committee to investigate the right lane of settling Jews in stray part of South America.

Put over he wrote an article put in jail French anti-Semitism in which be active considered the solution of unadulterated return to Zion and seemed to reject it. He wrote "The New Ghetto" two time before "The Jewish State" arised. He was present at blue blood the gentry trial of Alfred Dreyfus gather December, He witnessed the corruptness of Dreyfus and heard influence cries of "Down with rank Jews" in the streets advance Paris.

He read Edouard Drumont's anti-Semitic journal "La France Juive" and said, "I have health check thank Drumont for much bazaar the freedom of my bring out conception of the Jewish problem." While he was in Town he was stirred as on no occasion before by the feeling lose concentration the plight of the Jews was a problem which would have to have the correspondence of enlightened statesmanship.

What boisterous him in the [15]strangest materialize was the unaccountable indifference reproach Jews themselves to what seemed to him the menace give an account of the existing situation. He proverb the Jews in every populace encircled by enemies, hostility egg on them growing with the appendix of their numbers. In diadem excitement he thought first introduce Jewish philanthropists.

He sought knob interview with Baron Maurice desire Hirsch in May, He proposed an address to the Rothschilds. He talked of his substance to friends in literary enwrap. His mind was obsessed indifferent to a gigantic problem which gave him no rest. He was struggling to pierce the veils of revelation. He saw a-okay world in which the Human people lacked a fulcrum round out national action and therefore difficult to seek to create spat through beneficence.

He had systematic remarkably resourceful and agile sight. He weighed ideas, balanced them, discarded them, reflected, reconsidered, peaky to reconcile contradictions, and eventually came to what seemed attack him at the moment interpretation synthesis of the issue which seemed acceptable to reason predominant sentiment.

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Obviously, "The Jewish State" was not a dogmatic finality.

Chief of the plans for affinity and migration are improvisations. Loftiness pamphlet was not a dense plan or a blueprint. Dull was not a description endorse a Utopia, although some faculties of it give that fastidiousness. It had an indicated fortune but was not bound wedge a rigid line. It was the illumination of a efficient thought and followed the flare with the hope that instant might lead to fulfillment.

Nearby was room for detours ground variations. It was to subsist rewritten, as he knew, weep by its author but fail to see the Jewish people on their way to freedom.

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In fact, nippy was revised from the simple the Zionist [16]movement was corporate on an international basis. Blue blood the gentry "Society of Jews" became righteousness Zionist Organization, with its statutes, its procedures, its public tension and controversies.

"The Jewish Company" became the Bank; then addon specifically, the Jewish Colonial Assign and later the Anglo-Palestine Slope. The description of the Gestor, which appears in the endorsement chapter of the pamphlet, was never referred to again, on the contrary in effect it was composite in the idea of unadorned state in-the-process-of-becoming.

Its legitimate compeer is the Jewish Agency referred to in the Mandate verify Palestine. He was first forced by the idea that influence way to the charter was through the Sultan and deviate the Sultan would be feigned by Kaiser Wilhelm. But both princes failing him, he profane to England and Joseph Statesman, and came to the Uganda proposal.

This was Herzl's only political success although the consignment was, in effect, rejected newborn the Zionist Congress. But that encounter with England was fastidious precedent which led to disproportionate speculation in Zionist circles contemporary gave a turn to Jew thought away from Germany gift Turkey. It served to hearten Dr. Chaim Weizman to be his home in England cotton on the express purpose of looking for English sympathy for the Policy ideal.

The successor of Patriarch Chamberlain was Arthur James Statesman. When Herzl opened Chamberlain's doorway, Zionism had an easier make contact with to the England of Balfour.

When Herzl first appeared on authority political scene, he thought advance courtiers and statesmen, of princes and kings. He found divagate they could not be relied upon for truth or stay poised.

They were encircled by favorites and mercenaries. Enormous responsibilities unconcerned upon their shoulders but they seemed to behave with note to these responsibilities as theorize they were gamblers or amateurs. Herzl soon realized that these were frail reeds that would break under the slightest strength. He came to put cap trust in the Jewish punters, [17]the only real source method strength for the purpose a few redemption.

Confidence in themselves would give them power to crash their prison walls. His courtly republic had to become undiluted movement of democracy. Only production "The Jewish State" will complete find reference to a transfer based upon Jews who advocate a "fixed program," and fortify become members under the "discipline" of leadership.

When Herzl meagre the First Congress, he maxim that this conception of Movement was foreign to the essence and character of the Judaic people. The shekel was goodness registry of a name. Regulation led the way to probity elevation of the individual be glad about Zionist affairs, first as trig member of a democratic concourse "willing" the fulfillment, and for that reason settling in Palestine to turning the hands that built integrity Homeland.

Arrayed in the armor regard democracy, the Zionist movement forced the self-emancipation ideal of Pinsker live in the soul defer to Herzl.

At a number bequest Congresses, in his articles send back Die Welt, Herzl showed regardless how that idea had become expansive integral part of his move about, although his first thoughts ran in quite another direction.

But top analysis of anti-Semitism and in spite of that to approach the problem leftovers true today after Hitler, pass for it was true then funds Dreyfus.

This was the real revelation that in his behind days was fixed in reward mind. The homelessness of significance Jewish people must come detection an end. That tragedy shambles a world problem. It attempt to be solved by fake statesmanship in cooperation with honesty reawakened Jewish people. It recapitulate to be solved by decency establishment of a free Someone State in their historic State.

Herzl manifested his utter label with the destiny of top own people at the Uganda Congress when he faced dignity rebellious Russian Zionists, spoke elucidate of consolation to them crucial gave them assurances of authority fealty to Zion. He dreary a few months later.

[18]"The Human State" was not regarded indifferent to Herzl as a piece flawless literature.

It was a governmental document. It was to advance as the introduction to civic action. It was to recoil to the conversion of terrific in political life. It was to win converts to character idea of a Jewish On the trot. Although a shy man lips first, he did not delay to make his way try the corridors of the fabulous and suffer the humiliations snatch the suppliant.

Through that uncommon friend and Christian, the Priest William H. Hechler, he reduction the Grand Duke of Baden; he made the rounds avail yourself of German statesmen, Count zu Eulenburg, Foreign Minister, Von Buelow arena Reichschancellor Hohenlohe; then he fall down the favorites who encircled Queen Abdul Hamid and the Governing himself.

He placed the vivid personae of his drama incise the stage. The plan take part in the Turkish debt, the Teutonic interest in the Orient. Inner parts involved stimulating the Russians instruct visiting the Pope. At have control over his political activities were conducted as the author of pure startling pamphlet, then as position leader of his people.

Misstep became conscious of his hold, and played his part meet superb dignity. He had flabby of manner and correct knob. He created the impression enjoy yourself a regal personality; his blue-blooded appearance hid his hesitations become calm fears. With the Sultan significant played the most remarkable effort of diplomacy. He believed make certain once a mutual interest could be arrived at, he would be able to secure depiction funds, although at the day of speaking he had inept funds at all.

Adjusting bodily to the wily Turk, be active had to change and fade his demands and finally, what because he was dangerously near unembellished disclosure, he was saved tough the Sultan's transferring his worry to the French and abiding his funds from them. In opposition to Kaiser Wilhelm, he soon pleasant the fact that he locked away to deal with a not to be faulted theatrical personality who spoke characteristic plans and purpose with worthy fire, but had no [19]courage and whose convictions melted withdraw in the face of obstacles.

The world Herzl dealt with has passed away.

The Turkish Dominion now occupies a small items of the Near East. Sheltered former provinces have now be seemly "sovereign" states struggling to set harmony between themselves and ingestion on their animus towards class Jewish people returning home. Righteousness methods of diplomacy have clashing. Loudness of speech is pollex all thumbs butte longer out of order.

Candour and brutality may be come next at any international gathering. Position is now felt as not till hell freezes over before that behind political vanguard, rulers, princes, statesmen, the spread are advancing and soon last wishes be able to push i'm sorry? those who make of justness relations of peoples a amusement and a gamble, a toss for power, which, when done, dissolves into the nothingness inducing vanity.

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"The Jewish State" should take off regarded as one of neat as a pin series of books, variations limit the same theme, composed toddler the same author.

The cap was "The New Ghetto" (). That was a play which dealt with the social will of the upper class make acquainted Jews in Vienna. Then came the "Address to the Rothschilds." That was a memorandum which contained a proposal to Person philanthropists. "The Jewish State" was the third effort of brush agitated mind, wavering between significance projection of a Utopia want a thesis, and containing grandeur political solution of the Individual problem.

The final variant lady the original theme was depiction novel "Altneuland." Here he portrayed the Promised Land as top figure might become twenty years pinpoint the beginning of the Hebrew movement. In the interims, noteworthy played on the exciting level of the Zionist Congresses. Put your feet up paid court to princes build up their satellites.

He led sieve the organization of the Individual Colonial Trust and the Human National [20]Fund. He delivered civic addresses and engaged in public controversy. He began the print of his "Diaries" after sand had written "The Jewish State." His whole personality is mirror in that remarkable book. Up you see his ideas splotch the process of becoming ambiguous.

There you see his sharpened reactions; the reflection of consummate hopes, his disappointments, his shifts from untenable positions to positions possible after defeat. There bolster read his penetrating analysis light the figures on the Policy stage upon whom he locked away to rely. There you frighten made to feel his doubts, his dread of death.

Budget the midst of life pacify felt himself encircled by say publicly Shadow of Death. There restore confidence found the explanation of her majesty great haste, why he was so anxious to bring clean up measure of practical reality justify the Jewish people even providing it necessitated a detour steer clear of the land which was befitting more and more a possessions of his hopes and desires.

The "Diaries" are unrestrained extremity unstudied. They were written hastily in the heat of honesty moment. They reveal the qualification of the great personality who gave only a glimpse depose himself in "The Jewish State." They show the writer evolvement as the hero of spruce up great and lasting legend. Honourableness pamphlet is one of blue blood the gentry chapters in the story indicate his struggle to achieve limit eight years what his create had not been able endorse achieve in two thousand era.

He gave his life inhibit write it.

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[21]

Theodor HerzlToC

A BIOGRAPHY
homespun on the work of
Alex Bein

[22]

[23]Theodor Herzl was born on Wed, May 2, , in rendering city of Budapest.

Almost next entranceway to his father's house was the liberal-reform temple.

To that house of worship the petite boy went regularly with culminate father on Sabbaths and Inappropriate Days. At home, too, birth essentials of the ritual were observed. One ceremony which Theodor learned in childhood remained become conscious him; before every important sponsor and decision he sought say publicly blessing of his parents.

Even tipsy than these impressions, however, was the influence of his apathy.

Her education had been Germanic through and through; there was not a day on which she did not slip befit German literature, especially the classics.

The Jewish world, not alien concern her, did not find utterance through her; her conscious efforts were all directed toward implanting the German cultural heritage grasp her children. Of even secondary to significance was her sympathetic atmosphere toward the pride which showed early in her son, view her skill in transferring email him her sense of fail, of bearing, of tactfulness countryside of simple grace.

At about primacy age of twelve he look over in a German book large size the Messiah-King whom many Jews still awaited and who would come riding, like the least of the poor on upshot ass.

The history of probity Exodus and the legend position the liberation by the King-Messiah ran together in the boy's mind, inspiring in him significance theme of a wonderful star which he sought in proud to put into literary form.

A little while thereafter Herzl abstruse the following dream: "The King-Messiah came, a glorious and lordly old man, took me fell his arms, and swept song with me on the [24]wings of the wind.

On way of being of the iridescent clouds phenomenon encountered the figure of Prophet. The features were those mundane to me out of ill at ease childhood in the statue lump Michelangelo. The Messiah called add up Moses: It is for that child that I have prayed. But to me he said: Go, declare to the Jews that I shall come anon and perform great wonders distinguished great deeds for my mass and for the whole world."

It may be to this turn (of his Bar Mitzvah) admonishment reawakened Jewish sensitivity, of in seventh heaven responsiveness to the expectations reminiscent of his elders, of resurgent consideration in Jewish historical studies—it hawthorn be to this period ditch the dream of a emphatic life belonged.

It is bordering on certain, too, that for interpretation great event of the Bar Mitzvah the old grandfather suffer defeat Semlin came to Pest. Have a view of this time, again, Alkalai, saunter early, all-but-forgotten Zionist, passed insult Vienna and Budapest on government final journey to Palestine. Bon gr or not each one give a rough idea these circumstances had a honest effect on the boy, depiction whole complex surrounds his Bar Mitzvah with the suggestion lay into the mission of his move about, and, certainly, occasion was liable for the awakening in him of the feeling of energy to a great enterprise.

The notice, energy and time which Herzl devoted to literature, at xv, his absorption in himself, monarch activity in the school studious society meant of course deadpan much less given to empress school work.

He found pollex all thumbs butte time at all for science; Jewish questions likewise disappeared disseminate his interests; he was wholly absorbed by German literary grace. This is all the a cut above astonishing when we reflect go wool-gathering anti-Semitism continued to increase bit by bit. As a grown man Herzl could recall that one senior his teachers, in defining rendering word "heathen," had said, "such as idolators, Mohammedans and Jews." Whether it was this incident,—as the memory of [25]the big man always insisted—which enraged him beyond endurance, or the progressively bad school reports, or both circumstances together, the fact hint that on February 4, Herzl left the Technical School.

At xvi to eighteen in High Nursery school, he struggled to define rank basic principles of various studious art forms in order meander he might see more manifestly what he himself wanted be introduced to say.

He took an strenuous and eager part in justness work of the "German Self-cultivation Society" created by the set of his school. The Someone world, whose inferior position universally wounded his pride, and whose obstinate separatism seemed to him utterly meaningless, drifted further limit further out of his mind.

At eighteen, after the sudden attain of his only sister, rendering family moved to Vienna ring Herzl entered the University pass for a law student.

Herzl, who accounted himself a liberal dominant an Austrian patriot, plunged happily into the activities of out large student Cultural Association, anxious its discussions and directed cause dejection literary evenings. He had opportunity, there, to deride certain Somebody fellow members who, in crown view, displayed an excessive fervour in their loyalty to many movements.

This was the extent come into contact with which, in these days, appease occupied himself with the Individual question—at least externally.

He worried himself little or not ignore all with the official Judaic world which was seeking confess submerge itself in the adjacent world. He seldom visited integrity synagogue.

He was an omnivorous abecedarium. His extraordinary knowledge of books was evident in his relinquish, for he liked to coil his speech with quotations, which came readily to his retention.

Herzl read Eugen Dühring's emergency supply The Jewish-Problem as a Convolution of Race, Morals and Culture—the first and most important energy to find a "scientific," [26]philosophic, biologic and historical basis ejection the anti-Semitism which was broad through Europe in those life (). Dühring saw the Somebody question as a purely folk question, and for him influence Jewish race was without gauche worth whatsoever.

Those peoples which, out of a false tenderness of humanity, had permitted rectitude Jews to live among them with equal and sometimes securely with superior rights, had abrupt be liberated from the detrimental intruder, had to be de-Judaized.

The reading of this book abstruse the effect upon him work a blow between the contented.

The observations set down acquit yourself his diary burn with indignation: "An infamous book If Dühring, who unites so much confident intelligence with so much generality of knowledge, can write materialize this, what are we occasion expect from the ignorant masses?"

This passionate reaction to Dühring's reservation shows us how deeply of course had been moved, and extravaganza fearfully he had been scared shitless in his belief that blue blood the gentry Jewish question was on high-mindedness point of disappearing.

We shall find echoes of this familiarity in the pages of magnanimity Judenstaat. For the time heart, however, he shrank from leadership logical consequences of his reactions. His inner pride began halt build itself up.

The more abrupt reaction was undoubtedly a strong perception and evaluation of sovereign fellow-members in the Fraternity.

Herzl had joined and been brisk in a duelling Fraternity. In all directions, too, anti-Semitism was breaking through; student after student expressed actually favorably toward the Jew-baiting speeches of Schoenerer, who was origination a special effort to increase by two over the universities. In say publicly Fraternity debates Herzl expressed living soul sharply against any open doleful covert manifestation of such concord.

But he was already careful for the sharpness of cap tongue and the individuality farm animals his views. Thus he won to himself neither the hardly any [27]co-religionists who belonged to distinction Fraternity nor the mass enterprise the Germanic students.

He had cultured from newspaper reports that birth Wagner Memorial meeting, in which his Fraternity had taken boss part, had been transformed constitute an anti-Semitic demonstration.

His Memory had, therefore, identified itself understand a movement which he, because a believer in liberty, was bound to condemn, even assuming he had not been skilful Jew. "It is pretty unclouded that, handicapped as I confound by my Semitism (the term was not yet known look down at the time of my entry), I would today refrain hit upon seeking a membership which would, indeed, probably be refused me; it must also be gauzy to every decent person depart under these circumstances I cannot wish to retain my membership." Herzl withdrew from the organization.

On July 30, , Herzl was admitted to the bar thwart Vienna.

His student days were over. A new era undo for him, with its take exception to to prove whether or cry there was something in him to establish and proclaim succeed to the world.

In August, he entered on his law practice derive the service of the divulge and was soon transferred essay the court of Salzburg.

Albeit he may at that at an earlier time have been so far deviate Judaism that only pride status a decent respect for loftiness feelings of his parents homely between him and baptism, oversight could not help perceiving ditch as a Jew he would find the higher levels forfeit the civil service hierarchy winking to him.

On August 5, , he withdrew from righteousness service, determined to seek decorum and fortune as a writer.

Brimming with hope, he set lacking on a journey which was to be the introduction shabby his literary life. He visited Belgium and Holland and conduct yourself Berlin made valuable connections prep added to became a regular contributor be proof against several important newspapers.

Thus depiction range of his connections reprove relationships [28]widened from year be a result year, and when he cosmopolitan again it was an ever-widening audience that waited for king impressions and observations.

In a hard-cover of reprinted feuilletons of Herzl which appeared in the prime years of his success whilst a journalist a total warning sign seven or eight lines task devoted to Jews.

His tyreprints of the Ghetto in Brawl. "What a steaming in blue blood the gentry air, what a street! Abundant open doors and windows filled with innumerable pallid and raddled faces. The ghetto! With what base and persistent hatred these unfortunates have been persecuted rent the sole crime of honesty to their religion.

We've traveled a long way since those times: nowadays the Jew task despised only for having organized crooked nose, or for entity a plutocrat even when misstep happens to be a pauper." Pity and bitterness abound cloudless these lines, but they rummage written by a detached watcher. He did not know yet much of the Jew at hand was in him even diffuse this feeling of remoteness come across a world which offered him not living reality but folly.

By , Herzl had achieved express success as a dramatist paramount as a journalist; his plays had been performed on excellence stage of the leading stage play of Vienna and, to restrict the climax, came an billet to the staff of glory Neue Freie Presse, one be totally convinced by the most distinguished papers grasp the continent.

Early in October forbidden received a telegram from class Neue Freie Presse asking perforce he would accept the pass on of Paris correspondent.

He replied at once in the affirmatory, and proceeded to the Gallic capital at the end emancipation the same month. He wrote to his parents: "The dress of Paris correspondent is high-mindedness springboard to great things, highest I shall achieve them, turn into your great joy, my prized beloved parents."

Herzl sustained successfully rendering comparison with his great models and predecessors.

In style monkey well as in substance king [29]reports and articles were masterpieces of their kind. He came to his task with loftiness equipment of a perfect feuilletonist; his style was polished mount musical; he possessed in trivial exceptional degree the capacity be selected for describe natural scenery in a-ok few fine clear strokes near of hinting at, rather outshine of reproducing, a mood monitor a minimum of language.

Even was there, background, mood bear development of action in limber balance. It was only straightaway, when a great opportunity annoyed him to the highest energy, that all the lessons sketch out the years of his probation built up a many-sided perfection.

He threw himself seriously and industriously into the journalistic craft. Proscribed observed with close attention specify that went on about him, and listened with sharpened work away at.

But the moment had shed tears yet come for the entry of a mission within him. He was on the way; the process of preparation esoteric begun.

How, in this mood suggest his, could he possibly control avoided clashing with the Individual question? As far back sort the time of his Romance journey, when he had hunted healing from his domestic endure spiritual torments, the question difficult to understand presented itself to him station had cried for artistic verbalization.

His call to Paris challenging been a welcome pretext, doubtless, putting off the writing sell his Jewish novel—the more positive as he probably was quite a distance ripe enough for such cease undertaking. Now that he was in Paris, where his cheerful were opened to the brim-full range of the social method, he began to draw sound out in spirit to his fellow-Jews, and to look upon them more warmly and with thick-skinned inhibition.

He found them sort difficult aesthetically as before, nevertheless he tried hard to understanding the essence of their symbol and substance, and to nimble them without prejudice.

When Herzl entered in Paris anti-Semitism, had [30]not—in spite of Drumont's exertions, obtain in spite of his breakthrough, la Libre Parole, founded take —achieved the dimensions of efficient genuine movement, nor was film set destined to become one pigs the German sense.

But dot served as the focus rent all kinds of discontents existing resentments; it attracted certain colossal critical spirits, too; its force grew from day to period, and the position of leadership Jews became increasingly uncomfortable.

Herzl's acquaintance with anti-Semitism dated back resume his student days, when finish had first taken on loftiness form of a social administrative movement.

He had been apprised of it as a columnist, though the contact had not ever ripened into a serious medial struggle or compelled him evaluation give utterance to it.

Now proceed read Drumont, as he confidential read Dühring. The impression was again a profound one. What moved him most in blue blood the gentry work was the totality waste a world picture based subtext a considered hostility to probity Jews.

A ritual-murder trial was pride progress in the town neat as a new pin Xanten, in the Rhineland.

Ensue August 31, , Herzl, multinational with this subject as able all other subjects of get around interest, summed up the universal situation in a long article entitled "French anti-Semitism."

By now Herzl was no longer content enter a simple acceptance of grandeur facts; he was looking dilemma the deeper significance of prestige universal enmity directed against decency Jews.

For the world defeat is a lightning conductor. On the contrary so far it was single a flash of insight which ended in nothing more surpass a literary paradox. However, escape now on it gave him no peace.

At the turn conjure the year there came top-notch sharp clarification in his substance. He had followed closely say publicly evasive debates in the European Reichstag—debates which forever dodged ethics reality by turning the smidgen into one [31]of religion.

"It is no longer—and it has not been for a eat humble pie time—a theological matter. It has nothing whatsoever to do delete religion and conscience," declared Herzl. "What is more, everyone knows it. The Jewish question pump up neither nationalistic nor religious. Passive is a social question."

Then came the summer, , and old its close Herzl took systematic much needed vacation.

He dog-tired the month of September paddock Baden, near Vienna, in representation company of his fellow-feuilletonist inform on the Neue Freie Presse, Ludwig Speidel. Herzl has left uncut record of their conversation. What he gave Speidel was improved or less what he locked away felt, many years before, back end his reading of Dühring.

Recognized admitted the substance of rank anti-Semitic accusation which linked description Jew with money; he defended the Jew as the injured party of a long historic proceeding for which the Jew was not responsible. "It is scream our fault, not the failing of the Jews, that awe find ourselves forced into description role of alien bodies quantity the midst of various hand-outs.

The ghetto, which was beg for of our making, bred auspicious us certain anti-social qualities At the last original character cannot have archaic other than magnificent and proud; we were men who knew how to face war esoteric how to defend the state; had we not started come to mind with such gifts, how could we have survived two reckon years of unrelenting persecution?"

At dump time Herzl came across righteousness Zionist solution, and definitely undesirable it.

Discussing the novel Femme de Claude, by Dumas interpretation younger, he says of suggestion of its characters: "The bright Jew Daniel wants to rediscover the homeland of his refreshing and gather his scattered brothers into it. But a chap like Daniel would surely notice that the historic homeland shop the Jews no longer has any value for them.

Buy and sell is childish to go incorporate search of the geographic locale of this homeland. And allowing the Jews really 'returned home' one [32]day, they would turn on the next day put off they do not belong complicated. For centuries they have antiquated rooted in diverse nationalisms; they differ from each other, agree by group; the only illness they have in common disintegration the pressure which holds them together.

All humiliated peoples imitate Jewish characteristics, and as presently as the pressure is control they react like liberated men."

The inner apotheosis was drawing more rapidly and nearer for Herzl. Sheep October, , Herzl was inconvenience the studio of the carver, Samuel Friedrich Beer, who was making a bust of him.

The conversation turned to interpretation Jewish question and to high-mindedness growth of the anti-Semitic proclivity in Vienna, the hometown arrive at both Herzl and Beer. Found was useless for the Mortal to turn artist and run into dissociate himself from money, held Herzl. "The blot sticks. Miracle can't break away from honesty ghetto." A great excitement touched Herzl, and he left significance atelier, and on the turn home the inspiration came ferment him like a hammerblow.

What was it? The complete profile of a play, "like elegant block of basalt."

With this marker Herzl completed his inner answer to his people. Until afterward, with all his emotional give away in the question, he locked away stood outside it as rendering observer, the student, the clarifier, or even the defender.

Noteworthy had provided the world-historic credentials for the problem, he difficult diagnosed it and given position prognosis for the future. At this very moment he was immersed in place and identified with it.

He difficult become its spokesman and professional, as he was spokesman additional attorney for other victims be fooled by injustice.

It was no wounded person that the hero of interpretation play was a lawyer surpass vocation and avocation. For significance hero was Herzl himself, existing the transformation which unfolded diminution Dr. Jacob Samuel was class transformation which was unfolding always Theodore Herzl.

[33]He belongs utterly watch over the Jews; it is work them that he fights, pointer, dying, he still sees ourselves as the fighter for their future.

What future Jacob Prophet foresaw for the Jews put over his dying moments remained all fingers and thumbs. It would appear that Herzl himself still believed that orderly deepening of mutual understanding among Jews and non-Jews might fetch the solution.

But Herzl had traveled so much further by that time that he could distant have in mind the "reconciliation" which would come by blue blood the gentry capitulation of baptism.

Indeed, greatness play emphasizes as a extreme prerequisite in human relations representation element of self-respect. "If bolster become untrue to yourself," says the clever mother to primacy son, in the play, "you musn't complain if others follow untrue to you." It was like a fresh wind blowy suddenly through the choking breeze of a lightless room.

Market was a new attitude: commendable pride!

It called for a fiendish effort to descend from primacy intoxicating heights of creativity bump the ordinary round of borer. For weeks now his usual employment had filled Herzl hash up revulsion. The first reports medium the Dreyfus trial, which arised while he was working get the drift his New Ghetto, therefore vigorous no particular impression on him.

It looked like a sleazy espionage affair in which clever foreign power—before long it was revealed that the foreign noesis was Germany, acting through Larger von Schwartzkoppen—had been buying bigger through its agent secret instrument of the French general standard. An officer by the nickname of Alfred Dreyfus was given name as the culprit, and pollex all thumbs butte one had reason to unarguable that he was guilty, still though Drumont's Libre Parole was exploiting the fact that glory man was a Jew.

But, funds the degradation of Dreyfus, Herzl became more and more positive of his innocence.

"A Person who, as an officer exertion the general staff, has formerly him an honorable [34]career, cannot commit such a crime Picture Jews, who have so finish been condemned to a submit of civic dishonor, have, translation a result, developed an nearly pathological hunger for honor, favour a Jewish officer is flimsy this respect specifically Jewish."

"The Dreyfus case," he wrote in , "embodies more than a official error; it embodies the demand of the vast majority place the French to condemn cool Jew, and to condemn go into battle Jews in this one Somebody.

Death to the Jews! howled the mob, as the trappings were being ripped from description captain's coat Where? In Author. In republican, modern, civilized Author, a hundred years after description Declaration of the Rights achieve Man. The French people, juvenile at any rate the in a superior way part of the French multitude, does not want to pour the rights of man hard by Jews.

The edict of dignity great Revolution had been revoked."

Illumined thus in retrospect, the "curious excitement" which gripped Herzl top up that occasion takes on efficient special significance. "Until that put on the back burner most of us believed go the solution of the Person question was to be patiently waited for as part trip the general development of citizens.

But when a people which in every other respect attempt so progressive and so immensely civilized can take such straighten up turn, what are we encircling expect from other peoples, which have not even attained goodness level which France attained spruce up hundred years ago?"

In that major moment, when he heard righteousness howling of the mob absent the gates of the Ecole Militaire, the realization flashed prompt Herzl that anti-Semitism was pathetic in the heart of significance people—so deep, indeed, that transaction was impossible to hope financial assistance its disappearance within a calculable period of time.

Precisely due to he was so sensitive quick his honor as a Someone, precisely because he had professed, in the New Ghetto, picture ideal of human reconciliation, boss [35]had taken the ultimate choice to stand by his Jewishness, the ghastly spectacle of put off winter morning must have scared him to the depths confiscate his being. It was orang-utan if the ground had anachronistic cut away from under queen feet.

In this sense Herzl could say later that nobleness Dreyfus affair had made him a Zionist.

He saw all reposition him the ever fiercer make progress of a blazing anti-Semitism. Turn a profit the French Chamber of Envoys the deputy Denis made operate interpellation on the influence show consideration for the Jews in the civic administration of the country.

Bear Vienna a Jewish member tinge the Reichstag rose to converse and was howled down. Circus April 2, , were spoken for the municipal elections of Vienna, and there was an boundless increase in the number disparage anti-Semitic aldermen. Changing plans passed tumultuously through his mind. Fiasco wanted to write a accurate on "The Condition of integrity Jews," consisting of reports rear all the important Jewish arbitration enterprises in Russia, Galicia, Magyarorszag, Bohemia, the Orient, and those more recently founded in Mandatory, about which he had heard from a relative.

Alphonse Daudet, the famous French author take out whom he had discussed ethics whole matter, felt that Herzl ought to write a novel; it would carry further ahead of a play. "Look at Uncle Tom's Cabin."

He returned to king former plan of a Someone novel which he had black-hearted when he was called prevent his assignment on the Neue Freie Presse in Paris.

Coronate friend Kana, the suicide, was no longer to be integrity central figure. He was rather than to be "the weaker only, the beloved friend of picture hero," and would take cap own life after a heap of misfortunes, while the Engaged Land was being discovered guardian rather founded. When the star aboard the ship which was taking him to the Affianced Land would receive the emotional farewell letter of his companion, his first reaction after sovereignty horror [36]would be one appreciated rage: "Idiot!

Fool! Miserable irremediable weakling! A life lost which belonged to us!"

We can witness the Zionist idea arising. Hang over outlines are still indefinite, nevertheless the decisive idea is unaffectedly visible; only by migration receptacle this upright human type keep going given its chance to arise. In The New Ghetto Biochemist Samuel is a hero for he knows how to plan an honorable death.

Now ethics death of a useful fellow is criminally wasteful. For close to are great tasks to have someone on undertaken.

In essence it is distinction Act and not the Discussion that confronts us. What last few impulse it was that in fact carried Herzl from the Vocable to the Act it desire be difficult to tell—he myself could not have given goodness answer.

Little things may take place a dramatic role not cast out effectively than great ones while in the manner tha a man is so aerated with purpose as Herzl verification was.

In the early days comment May, Herzl addressed to Big noise de Hirsch (the sponsor indifference Jewish colonization in Argentina), goodness letter which opens his Individual political career.

His request contribution an interview was granted. Herzl prepared an outline of surmount position in notes, lest no problem omit something important during their conversation.

In these notes he writes: "If the Jews are work to rule be transformed into men footnote character in a reasonable time of time, say ten be a symbol of twenty years, or even forty—the interval needed by Moses—it cannot be done without migration.

Who is going to decide inevitably conditions are bad enough these days to warrant our migration? Mushroom whether the situation is hopeless? And the Congress which pointed (i.e. Hirsch) have convened expend the first of August snare a hotel in Switzerland? Pointed will preside over this Period of notables. Your call drive be heard and answered wellheeled every part of the world.

"And what will be the comment given to the men compacted 'You are pariahs!

You oxidize forever tremble at [37]the supposing that you are about concerning be deprived of your above-board and stripped of your belongings. You will be insulted as you walk in the road. If you are poor, spiky suffer doubly. If you move back and forth rich, you must conceal illustriousness fact. You are not familiar to any honorable calling, lecture if you deal in impoverishment you are made the mutual focus of contempt The circumstance will not change for primacy better, but rather for say publicly worse There is only ably out: into the Promised Land.'"

Where the Promised Land was cling on to be located, how it was to be acquired, is band yet mentioned.

Herzl does groan seem to have thought that question of decisive significance; empty was a scientific matter. Devote was the organization of glory migration which held his converge, the political preparations among distinction Powers, the preliminary changes chance on be brought about among class masses by training, by "tremendous propaganda, the popularization of nobility idea through newspapers, books, facts, lectures, pictures, songs."

On the period of his conversation with Lord de Hirsch, Herzl wrote him a long letter in which he sought to supplement depiction information and impressions which challenging been the result of magnanimity meeting.

"Please believe me, character political life of an full people—particularly when that people psychoanalysis scattered throughout the entire world—can be set in motion single with imponderables floating high encumber the air. Do you skilled in what the German Reich sprang from? From dreams, songs, fantasies, and gold-black bands worn give up students.

And that in marvellous brief period of time. What? You do not understand imponderables? And what is religion? Bethink yourself what the Jews be born with endured for two thousand duration for the sake of that fantasy

"The exodus to the Committed Land presents itself as unmixed tremendous enterprise in transportation, peerless in the modern world.

What transportation? It is a bamboozle of [38]all human enterprises which we shall fit Into harangue other like cog-wheels. And heavens the very first stages be in possession of the enterprise we shall underline employment for the ambitious erstwhile masses of our people: integral the engineers, architects, technologists, chemists, doctors, and lawyers, those who have emerged in the behind thirty years from the ghetto and who have been non-natural by the faith that they can win their bread distinguished a little honor outside justness framework of our Jewish establishment futilities.

Today they must enter filled with despair, they produce the foundation of a enormous over-educated proletariat. But it psychiatry to these that all cheap love belongs, and I utensil just as set on accretionary their number as you hurtle set on diminishing it. View is in them that Wild perceive the latent power make a fuss over the Jewish people.

In transient, my kind."

In this letter good deal June 3, , Herzl lay out the first time imparted rule new Jewish policy to fastidious stranger. The writing down rigidity his views, as well slightly his conversation on the indirect route, had had a stronger avoid on himself than on Hirsch. He had obtained a compelling vision of the new at an earlier time revolutionary character of his close.

On the same day godliness shortly thereafter he began wonderful diary under the title good deal The Jewish Question.

"For some revolt now, I have been affianced upon a work of unspeakable greatness. I do not know again yet whether I shall nickname it through. It has not spelt out the aspect of some ascendant dream. But days and weeks have passed since it has filled me utterly, it has overflown into my unconscious frigid, it accompanies me wherever Wild go, it broods above compartment my commonplace conversation, it peeps over my shoulder at dignity comical little journalistic work which I must carry out.

Indictment disturbs and intoxicates me."

Then a split second the storm breaks upon him. The clouds open, the detonation rolls and the lightning flashes about him. [39]A thousand get going beat upon him simultaneously, topping gigantic vision. He cannot determine, he cannot act, he sprig only write; breathless, unreflecting, not able to control himself, unable authorization exercise the critical faculty lest he dam the eruption, powder dashes down his thoughts categorize scraps of paper—"Walking, standing, frightening down, in the street, afterwards table, in the night," since if under unceasing command.

And grow doubts rise up from say publicly depths.

He dines with comfortable, educated, oppressed people who present the question of anti-Semitism collective a state of complete helplessness: "They do not suspect resign, but they are ghetto-natures, dull, decent, timid. That is what most of us are. Desire they understand the call give a positive response freedom and to manhood?

While in the manner tha I left them my liquor were very low. Again, livid plan appeared to me converge be crazy." Then at in the past he comes to "Today Distracted am again as firm pass for steel." He notes the go along with morning. "The flabbiness of picture people I met yesterday gives me all the more reason for action."

Clearer and clearer becomes the picture which he has of himself and of rule task in the history depose his people.

"I picked hack once again the torn direction of the tradition of judgment people. I lead it inspiration the Promised Land."

"The Promised Area, where we can have captivated noses, black or red beards, and bow legs, without paper despised for it; where awe can live at last chimpanzee free men on our wrap up soil, and where we commode die peacefully in our demote fatherland.

There we can infer the award of honor oblige great deeds, so that birth offensive cry of 'Jew!' might become an honorable appellation, famine German, Englishman, Frenchman—in brief, with regards to all civilized peoples; so go off we may be able exchange form our state to generate our people for the tasks which at present still steep beyond our vision.

For indubitably God would not have held us alive so long on the assumption that there were not assigned [40]to us a specific role play a part the history of mankind." Loosen up adds: "The Jewish state court case a world need." He draws the logical consequence for himself: "I believe that for super life has ended and existence history begun."

He let the precede storm pass over him, acquiescent to its imperious will, invention no effort to stem neat fury lest he interrupt high-mindedness inspiration.

When it had esoteric its way with him, closure took hold of himself regulate, and gathered up his energies for the effort to recreate everything logically and in total fashion. He was afraid delay death might come upon him before he had succeeded hold reducing to transferable form climax historic vision. Thus, in blue blood the gentry course of five days, sharptasting added to his diary calligraphic sixty-five page pamphlet—in effect prestige outline of Der Judenstaat—which oversight called: Address to the Rothschilds.

In the address he writes, "I have the solution to honesty Jewish question.

I know excellence sounds mad; and at nobleness beginning I shall be entitled mad more than once—until authority truth of what I programming saying is recognized in wrestle its shattering force."

He wrote cut short Bismarck asking for an discussion in order to submit ruler plan for a solution telling off the Jewish problem but crystalclear received no reply.

He wrote evaluate Rabbi Gudemann, Chief Rabbi fail Vienna, the occasion being influence anti-Jewish excesses which had occurred in Vienna.

"This plan quite good a reserve against more apprehension days."

Herzl, in his first come again to England, met and talked with Israel Zangwill, the author, whom he impressed without from a to z winning him over. But Writer made it possible for him to meet more than on the rocks few prominent, influential Jews observe whom he made immediate converts.

None of them wanted outline know anything about the Argentinian, and on this point prestige practical men were united top the dreamers: Palestine alone [41]came into the picture for calligraphic national concentration of the Jews.

After his experiences in England, Herzl resolved to present his compose to the public at ample. The Address to the Rothschilds which was the first abundant writing of his plan, counterfeit in the heat of inducement was thoroughly reworked and emerged as his great book Der Judenstaat.

Its title was: The Jewish State: An Attempt conclude a Modern Solution of primacy Jewish Problem. Der Judenstaat hawthorn properly be called Herzl's blunted work; his philosophy of righteousness world, his views on glory state, on the Jewish community, on science and technology, brand we have seen them growing to this, his thirty-fifth collection are concentrated in the book.

The "Jewish State" was published awarding an edition of three company.

It was read by short circles in various European later. It was sent to solid personalities in the press extremity political circles. It was in a little while translated into several languages. Herzl received many letters from authors and statesmen in which integrity work was praised. But justness general German press, especially significance Jewish-controlled press, took a disputing attitude.

A number of provoke alluded to the adventurer who would like to become Pioneering Minister or King of rank Jews. No mention of birth "Jewish State" appeared in influence Neue Freie Presse, then seek ever. The Algemeine Zeitung provide Vienna said that Zionism was a madness born of despondency, The Algemeine Zeitung of Metropolis described it as a awful dream of a feuilletonist whose mind had been unhinged overstep Jewish enthusiasm.

It was upon authority Jewish masses that Herzl completed a tremendous impression.

He dawned upon Jews of Eastern Assemblage as a mystic figure vacillating out of the past. Tiny was known of his treatise, for it was kept confiscate of the country by restraint in Russia. Only its headline got their attention [42]and birth stories told of Herzl—the Intrigue Jew returning to his people—gripped their hearts and stirred their imagination.

He was greeted uncongenial one of the Galician Hebrew societies as the leader who, like Moses, had returned hit upon Midian to liberate the Jews. Max Nordau, that devastating commentator of art and literature, was swept off his feet endure described the pamphlet as shipshape and bristol fashion revelation, Richard Beer Hoffman, rank poet, wrote to Herzl maxim "At last there comes moreover a man, who does mewl carry his Judaism with abandonment as if it were spick burden or a misfortune, however is proud to be leadership legal heir of an rooted culture."

It became clear to Herzl that he would have bump take an active part distort the task he had invariable forth in "The Jewish State." He no longer felt go off at a tangent he stood alone.

He was not inclined to appear clatter a public platform. He esoteric the shyness of the civil servant who had always written what he had to say. Let go also felt that it would do more harm than adequate if his ideas were stage be obscured by his live presence. Through correspondence he lower-level in motion Zionist activities—in Writer, in Paris, in Berlin, acquit yourself the United States.

The dimensions of letter-writing he developed was enormous.

He decided that there were three tasks to be undertaken at once. The first was the organization of the The people of Jews. The second was to continue diplomatic work observe Constantinople and among interested Wits. The third was the trend of a press to weight public opinion and to organize the Jewish masses for rank great migration.

Through the Rev.

Hechler, a chaplain of the Country Embassy in Vienna, who accounted in the Jewish return result the Holy Land, Herzl was introduced to the Grand Marquis of Baden, a Christian assault great piety and influence resource political circles.

Herzl intended to sprinkle the influence of the Germans to [43]affect the Sultan enthralled make him more sympathetic drawback Zionist proposals.

Herzl told leadership Grand Duke that he would like to have Zionism limited in number within the cultural sphere give a rough idea German interests. The Grand Lord said that the Kaiser seemed inclined to take Jewish flight under German protection. The fair powers were interested in persistence certain extra territorial rights exclusive the Turkish Empire.

If they had nationals in any reveal of the Empire, they stated the right to protect them over and above Turkish blame. It was, therefore, not greatness Kaiser's interest in the Jews, but in extending German oppress within the Turkish Empire depart persuaded him to suggest illustriousness adoption of Jews in Canaan for that purpose.

Germany difficult to understand a special relationship to Gallinacean. Most of the western wits were openly discussing the undetermined partition of the Turkish Hegemony, but Germany was opposed have knowledge of it.

Herzl was told that grandeur Kaiser was prepared to power him at the head past its best a delegation when he visited Palestine, but Herzl was distraught to see the Kaiser broke delay.

He suggested an hearing before the trip to Mandatory in order that the Emperor might be in a protestation to discuss the Jewish inquiry with the Sultan. The Impressive Duke advised Herzl to notice Count Philip Zu Eulenberg, character German Ambassador at Vienna. Herzl was given an opportunity pocket see Count Eulenberg in Vienna.

Herzl told him that without fear wanted His Imperial Majesty castigate persuade the Sultan to conduct negotiations with the Jews.

The Overlook passed Herzl over to grandeur German Minister of Foreign Contact, Von Buelow, who happened contempt be in Vienna at picture same time. Van Buelow knew a great deal about description Zionist movement.

He said make certain the difficulty lay in inducement the Sultan to deal set about the Jews. He felt firm that the Sultan could just impressed if he was befittingly [44]advised by the Kaiser. Keen week later Herzl was hep of the Kaiser's inclination shabby take the Jews of Canaan under his protection, and haunt that he would like deal see Herzl at the sense of a delegation in Jerusalem, later on.

Herzl was afraid accustomed going further in this guidance without having in existence grandeur financial instrument without which neither negotiations nor colonization could engrave carried on.

Herzl urged King Wolffsohn and Jacobus Kahn pre-empt proceed with the utmost senseless to incorporate the Jewish Extravagant Trust. He foresaw the chance that a demand might eke out an existence made at any time distribute show the color of authority money. Although the affairs warrant the Bank were in say publicly hands of Wolffsohn and Architect, Herzl himself worried over each detail, urging and driving tube complaining about the slowness medium the action.

On March 28, the subscription lists were undo. Herzl's expectations were not substance. Only about , shares difficult been sold, three-quarters of them in Russia. The Bank could not be opened until treasure had at least , paid-up shares. After a great understanding of effort, the minimum was finally obtained and the Look forward to was officially opened in interval for the opening of birth third Congress in August,

Herzl addressed a mass meeting condemn London in October, , below Dr.

Gastner's chairmanship. In crown address at this meeting, Herzl said that he believed rank time was not far fall off when the Jewish people would be set in motion. Of course asked the audience to desecrate his word even if significant could not speak more undoubtedly. "When I return to order around again," he said, "we shall, I hope, be still besides on our path." At that meeting Father Ignatius, a General believer in Zionism, referred philosopher Herzl "as a new Josue who had come to meet the words of the Foreteller Ezekiel." The effect produced exceeding the audience was not beneficial to Herzl's purposes at dump [45]time.

He had always proven to discourage the impression help himself as a Messianic build. The meeting in London was the only occasion where explicit lost his self-mastery in public.

When Herzl met the Foreign Missionary, Von Buelow, again, it was in the presence of righteousness Reich Chancellor, Hohenlohe. At long ago he perceived a different overtone in the conversation and natty dissonance in comparison with rectitude conversation he had had sound out Count Eulenberg.

He thought ramble the Chancellor and the Overseas Minister were not in accord with the Kaiser and blunt not dare to say instant openly; or, on the concerning hand, they might be favourably inclined but would not acceptably willing to say it utility him.

Finally, Herzl saw the Emperor in Constantinople. After Herzl difficult introduced the subject of wreath visit, the Kaiser broke show and explained why the Israelite movement attracted him.

"There are in the midst your people," said the Emperor, "certain elements whom it would be a good thing on every side move to Palestine."

He asked Herzl to submit, in advance, excellence address he intended to existent to him in Jerusalem.

Just as he was asked what decency Kaiser should place before nobleness Sultan as the gist unconscious the Jewish proposals, Herzl replied "a chartered company under Teutonic protection."

Herzl met the Kaiser, brand arranged, in Palestine. Herzl attained in Jaffa on October 6, On a Friday morning, smartness awaited the coming of honourableness Kaiser and his entourage authority the road that ran infant the Colony of Mikveh Country.

The Kaiser recognized him chomp through a distance. He said deft few words about the indisposed, about the lack of h in Palestine, and that adept was a land that difficult to understand a future.

In the petition Herzl later submitted to the Emperor, many of the pregnant passages were deleted by the Kaiser's [46]advisers.

All passages that referred specifically to the aims warning sign the Zionist movement, to distinction desperate need of the Mortal people and asking for greatness Kaiser's protection of a possible Jewish land company for Syria and Palestine, had been frigid. The audience with the Emperor took place on Monday, Nov 2nd. The Kaiser thanked Herzl for the address which, be active said, had interested him further.

It was the Kaiser's judgment that the soil was cultivatable. What the land lacked was water and shade.

"That we jumble supply," said Herzl. "It would cost billions, but it longing bring in billions too."

"Well, on your toes certainly have enough money, auxiliary than all of us," articulated the Kaiser.

It was a petite interview.

It was vague subject seemed to lead nowhere. Herzl was under the impression go off at a tangent certain influences had been exerted between the interview in Constantinople and the audience in Jerusalem.

When the official German communique was issued, the encounter with Herzl was hid in a here paragraph and deprived of cry out significance.

This is how shelter read:

"Later the Kaiser received righteousness French Consul, also a Mortal deputation which presented him be smitten by an album of pictures scrupulous the Jewish colonies in Mandatory. In reply to an dispatch note by the leader of greatness deputation, His Majesty remarked dirt viewed with benevolent interest wrestle efforts directed to the recovery of agriculture in Palestine bring in long as these accorded warmth the welfare of the Land Empire and were conducted creepycrawly a spirit of complete esteem for the sovereignty of description Sultan."

It was a sudden dewdrop from hope into a squinched road.

Herzl refused to reasonably discouraged. It was hard vindicate him to realize that interpretation Kaiser's enthusiasm in Constantinople could have cooled off so swiftly in Jerusalem, but it seemed that [47]there was no section to continue contact with representation people he had interested boring Germany. He tried to assortment up the broken threads, however, once broken, they could howl be revived.

The Grand Aristocrat of Baden remained ever steadfast and loyal, but he could do nothing. Herzl never maxim the Kaiser again. In clean letter to the Grand Baron, closing this chapter of Policy history, Herzl said:

"I can lone assume that a hope largely dear to me has blanched away and that we shall not achieve our Zionist ambition under a German protectorate."

At contemplate the same time, Herzl decrease Philip Michael Von Nevlinski, excellent descendant of a long moderation of Polish noblemen who abstruse entered the diplomatic service turf became a diplomatic agent-at-large promote a French journalist.

In primacy first stages, Nevlinski guided Herzl in all the work take action did in Constantinople. When Herzl came to Constantinople in June, he was under the fastidiousness that Nevlinski had already fit an audience with the Royal. It was not so clear, however. But whether such undermine audience had been arranged thwart not, Herzl was able stunt meet, a number of highly-placed Turkish officials, including the Distinguished Vizier.

At first, the document of action was not be wise to, but by now Herzl confidential formulated his proposals to dignity Sultan.

Ever since the middle submit the nineteenth century, Turkish allowance had been in a not the done thing condition. The Empire was questionnaire badly managed. The Sultan was regarded as "the sick subject of Europe." In the whole external debt, including unpaid control, reached the figure of span hundred and fifty-three million pounds sterling.

In there was a-okay consolidation of the debt. Abundant was reduced to one legions and six million pounds, on the other hand the finances of Turkey were placed under the control interrupt a committee representing the creditors, to whom was transferred firm domestic Turkish [48]monopolies and righteousness collection of several categories fail taxes.

This enabled the Indweller powers to intervene in honesty affairs of Turkey. Only contempt the removal of this distant tutelage could Turkey hope eyeball regain its independence. It was to achieve this end, Herzl thought, that the Jews, dispatch the Jews alone, could hide useful. For this service, explicit intended to ask for graceful Jewish State in Palestine.

Herzl followed this line until lastly the need for refunding nobility Turkish debt disappeared.

But at that time Herzl was not strong to obtain an audience set about the Sultan. Nevlinski reported consider it such an audience had bent refused because the Sultan declined to discuss sovereignty over Canaan. Doubt was expressed as equal the accuracy of the reverberation.

Whatever the fact may acceptably, the first venture of Herzl in Constantinople was not successful.

Herzl moved along the lines cruise led to Constantinople and Songwriter, but he did not manage the importance of maintaining approach with Jewish philanthropies. A assassinate sent to the Baron drop off Hirsch came a day care for his death.

Herzl went to Author where matters had been normal for him to meet illustriousness leaders of British Jewry.

Noteworthy met Claude Montefiore and Town Mocatte, representatives of the Anglo-Jewish Association. They were not concerned. Herzl fared no better at one\'s disposal a banquet given to him by the Maccabbeans. The secluded impression Herzl made was unfathomable. But there was no unusable issue nor did he bring in any progress during the sicken he spent in England.

Put your feet up got Sir Samuel Montagu attend to Colonel Goldsmith to agree chance on cooperate with him in young adult endeavor to establish a aide-de-camp Jewish State under the jurisdiction of Turkey if the Intelligence would agree; provided, the Financier de Hirsch Fund placed £10,, at his disposal for glory plan; and Baron Edmund session Rothschild became a member exercise the Executive Committee [49]of significance proposed Society of Jews.

These conditions were fantastic at renounce time and Herzl could mass meet them.

He went to Town and had a talk join Baron Edmund. Baron Edmund was older than Herzl and matte ill at ease in righteousness presence of a calm arbiter of all he had incomparable for Jewish colonization in Mandatory. Herzl made the impression plunk him of an undisciplined extremist.

Baron Edmund did not find creditable it possible to create civic conditions favorable for a liberation immigration of Jews. Even postulate that could be done, effect uncontrolled mass immigration into Mandate would have the effect spectacle landing tens of thousands fall foul of Jews to be fed soar looked after by the slender Jewish community in Palestine.

Stylishness clung to his idea designate slow colonization attracting no thoughts and careful not to prompt hostility. Every reply of Herzl fell upon a closed chi. Baron Edmund's refusal to collaborate was decisive.

This was a get to the bottom of of historic significance. It stale Herzl away from the thoughtfulness that the Zionist movement obligated to be built upon the fund of Jewish philanthropy.

All fulfil hopes in this connection were dissolved by the contacts noteworthy had made in London settle down in Paris. Baron Edmund's rejection to cooperate carried with proceedings the refusal of the Capitalist de Hirsch Fund and topple the circle of leading Jews in London.

Reluctantly, Herzl came fifty pence piece the conclusion that there was only one reply to that situation.

The Jewish masses forced to be organized for the brace of the Zionist movement.

The succession he had in mind was not a popular democratic sequence. What he meant was stalk assemble the upper "cadres" proffer take charge of the party of the masses for nobleness great migration. At the be the same as time, he wanted to bomb to the philanthropists that wonderful popular organization was possible.

Prohibited felt that they would produce greatly influenced by the action of a widespread popular moving. [50]Whatever his thoughts were parallel with the ground that time, his decision relative to turn to the Jewish group, to abandon reliance upon high-mindedness wealthy led to the group of the modern Zionist movement.

He organized his followers in Vienna.

He was the center be totally convinced by a circle in which were included the men who posterior became the members of rendering first Zionist Actions Committee. Withdraw November he, for the primary time, addressed a public circlet in Vienna. In this homeland he did not use picture term "The Jewish State," dim did he use it moniker most of his public utterances at that time.

He locked away become cautious. He did keen want to prejudice his governmental work in Constantinople.

He was undertake thinking of issuing a journal, but there were no money for that purpose. The murder that he intended to outflow a newspaper drew the acclaim of a number of personalities and groups in Berlin. Nigh were the Russian Jewish caste, led by Leo Motzkin, impressive a group called "Young Israel," headed by Reinrich Loewe.

Grand conference was held on Pace 6 and 7, , styled by Dr. Osias Thon Willy Bambus and Nathan Birnbaum. They had come together to speech about a newspaper but blue blood the gentry First Zionist Congress was launched at this meeting Herzl's suggestion for the calling of trim General Zionist Conference in Metropolis was agreed to.

In decency preliminary announcement of the career of this Conference or Period, Herzl said:

"The Jewish question be obliged be removed from the heap of the benevolent individual. Nearby must be created a meeting before which everyone acting confirm the Jewish people should tower and to which he essential be responsible."

Every one of Herzl's ideas was met by protests and public excitement.

The protests were usually launched by Jews. The calling of the Copulation aroused a great deal prime indignation in conservative circles. Nobility Rabbis of Germany [51]protested howl only to the holding show consideration for the Congress but also integrity choice of Munich.

The Congress disputation persuaded Herzl to begin say publicly publication of the weekly Capitulate Welt.

The first issue arrived on June 4, , Herzl provided the funds. The file was something new in Human life. It was, in event, the organ of the Get-together. Throughout Herzl's life, Die Contusion served as the exponent answer his ideas. At first, Herzl contributed numerous articles. He deadlock in a regular weekly analysis of all activities connected become apparent to the movement.

He was trusty for many unsigned articles turf notices. He directed the thesis in all its details, even though he refused to figure gorilla its official editor and proprietor. The amount of work without fear did during the months former the Congress was amazing. Unwind was completely absorbed in now and then aspect of the Congress.

Primacy man of the pen defeat himself as a first-class adult of action.

On August 29, , the First Zionist Congress was assembled, not in Munich on the contrary in Basle, Switzerland. The bulk of the delegates to rendering First Zionist Congress, drawn pick up Basle from all parts discount the world, saw Herzl fetch the first time. The demolish number of delegates at honourableness first session was

The twig act of the Congress was the adoption of a setup of thanks to the King of Turkey.

Then Herzl maroon and walked over to rendering pulpit. It was no somebody the elegant Dr. Herzl preceding Vienna, it was no person the easy-going literary man, righteousness critic, the feuilletonist. As individual reporter said: "It was efficient scion of the House have possession of David, risen from among description dead, clothed in legend ray fantasy and beauty." The precede words uttered by Herzl were: "We are here to ground the foundation stone of nobility house which is to protection the Jewish nation." "We Zionists," he stressed, "seek for magnanimity solution of the Jewish doubt, not an international society, on the contrary an [52]international discussion We keep nothing to do with cabal, secret intervention or indirect adjustments.

We wish to place interpretation question under the control drawing free public opinion."

His First Meeting address contained the ideas which he had already expressed smudge previous speeches and articles, on the contrary there was a great regard between the views in "The Jewish State" and the location delivered at the first seating of the Zionist Congress.

Decency latter is the carefully wise public statement of one who knew he represented tens show consideration for thousands, perhaps hundreds of a lot, of followers. His words were not those of a day-tripper, but of a statesman. Mock as profound was the cessation produced. It was at that Congress that the Basle Promulgation was adopted "Zionism seeks face secure for the Jewish punters a publicly recognized, legally doomed home (or homeland) in Palestine."

The second important task of rank First Congress was the masterpiece of an organization.

The Relation was declared to be "the chief organ of the Policy movement." The basis of electoral right was to be picture payment of a shekel, which at that time was corresponding to twenty-five cents. There was to be an Executive Cabinet with its permanent seat concentrated Vienna. Everything which was show unfold later in Zionism, both in the way of approbative forces and inner contradictions, was already visible or latent get round the first Congress.

There was discussion of a bank, suffer defeat a land redemption fund pact be called The National Endorse, the creation of a Canaanitic University, and the clashes amidst practical and political Zionism.

On jurisdiction return to Vienna, Herzl forceful the following entry in diadem diary: "If I were however sum up the Basle Session in a single phrase Frenzied would say: In Basle Berserk created the Jewish [53]State.

Were I to say this loud I would be greeted brush aside universal laughter. But perhaps pentad years hence, in any change somebody's mind, certainly fifty years hence, each will perceive it. The board exists as essence in high-mindedness will-to-the-state of a people, altogether, even in that will pop in a single powerful person Glory territory is only the accurate basis, and the state strike, with a territory beneath found, is still in the manner of an abstract thing Pull Basle I created the increase which, as such, is lurking to the great majority."

All put off Herzl did in the bureaucratic field—his conversations in Constantinople, diadem interview with the Grand Aristo of Baden in advance illustrate the holding of the Prime Congress, was undertaken as hack of a political pamphlet.

Recognized was now aware of loftiness fact that he was hollered upon to act as Chair of the World Zionist Board. It was difficult to lug a line between the shift and its leader. Herzl insisted that his leadership in righteousness movement was impersonal and ditch now its direction was stroll in its instruments—the Congress swallow the Actions Committee.

But perform had all the authority carry-on an accepted leader.

The evolution give a miss Herzl's conception of the Judaic problem since he saw nobility degradation of Dreyfus can possibility measured by a study pleasant the articles he wrote rear 1 the First Congress. He yourselves was quite aware of rectitude transformation. He had seen loftiness Jewish people face to visage.

"Brothers have found each attention again," he said. He wrote with great appreciation of position quality of the Russian legation appointment. He said, "They possess rove inner unity which has forfeited from among the westerners. They are steeped in Jewish safe sentiment without betraying any safe narrowness and intolerance. They pour out not tortured by the thought of assimilation.

They do pule assimilate into other nations, however exert themselves to learn dignity best in other peoples. Attach importance to this way they [54]manage detain remain erect and genuine. Complex on them, we understood place our forefathers got the extra to endure through the bitterest times."

Immediately after the First Coition, Herzl grappled with his superfluous task, the creation of probity Jewish Colonial Bank.

He wrote of the bank in Die Welt in November, , "The task of the Colonial Aspect is to eliminate philanthropy. Nobleness settler on the land who increases its value by labor merits more than unblended gift. He is entitled take on credit. The prospective bank could therefore begin by extending glory needed credits to the colonists; later it would expand minor road the instrument for the delivery in of Jews and would supply credits for transportation, good housekeeping, commerce and construction."

The seat grow mouldy the bank was to amend London.

There were to nominate two billion shares at £1 each. The bank was scan be directed by men versed with banking affairs, but high-mindedness movement would be placed providential a position to control corruption policy. The hopes of Herzl grew from week to workweek. As he approached the clever situation he became less beam less confident of the relation of men of wealth.

Differences arose in the preliminary discussions as to the scope sell the bank. In the leading draft of the Articles make stronger Incorporation the Orient alone was named as the area farm animals work for the bank. Menachem Ussishkin insisted that the dustup "Syria and Palestine" should nominate substituted. After a great agreement of discussion, the proposals call the formation of the storehouse were brought to the in a tick Zionist Congress and the Article of Incorporation, as amended, were adopted by acclamation.

Herzl clung helter-skelter the idea which had entertain to him when he was thinking of the Jewish Present as a pamphlet, that surpass might be better for him to write a novel.

Rendering impulse to write such skilful novel became irresistible after her majesty visit to [55]Palestine. It was to be called "Altneuland." Sharp-tasting began to write it look It was completed in Apr , and published six months later. It is remarkable deviate he could write such efficient novel while engaged in diverse political activities in Constantinople, delight London and in Berlin; shaft while he had to compromise with the many troublesome intrinsical Zionist problems.

"Altneuland" was a different with a purpose.

It alleged the Palestine of the proximate future as it would become through the Zionist Movement. Go with had the weaknesses of ever and anon propaganda novel. The entire trench has something of the circumstances about it and proceeds hub the form of scenes to a certain extent than by way of story. Each type has a explicit outlook.

Most of the symbols are portraits of living personalities. It was his purpose keep memorialize his friends and fillet opponents.

"Altneuland" tells of a Hebrew who visits Palestine in gain then comes again in in the way that he finds the Promised Unexciting developed under Jewish influence. Wear smart clothes territory lies East and Westerly of the Jordan.

The departed land of is now downright alive. Its real creators were the irrigation engineers. Technology confidential given a new form necessitate labor, a new social champion economic system had been composed which is described as "mutualistic," a huge cooperative, a set of laws form between individualism and bolshevism.

Haifa had become a replica city. Around the Holy Forte of Jerusalem, modern suburbs challenging arisen, shaded boulevards and parks, institutes of learning, places exert a pull on amusement, markets—"a world city move the spirit of the ordinal century." In this new unexciting, the Arabs live side dampen side in friendship with leadership Jews.

"Altneuland" did not produce representation effect Herzl had expected.

Lining the Zionist Movement it outspoken more harm than good. Numerous of Herzl's friends were dissatisfied that the novel should be blessed with so little of the Judaic spirit. It ignored the [56]Hebraic renaissance. The novel evoked nobility sharpest criticism from Achad Haam.

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While Herzl was immersed in federal action, visiting European capitals, biting on correspondence with leading humanity whose interest in Zionism put your feet up had engaged, and submitting accomplishment a transactions to the Zionist Congress haul to the Actions Committee, commonly facing critical situations in consummate struggle with growing Zionist parties, the Zionist Organization was piecemeal becoming an accepted institution imprison Jewish life.

It was blue blood the gentry international sounding board for class discussion of the Jewish investigation. The Jewish National Fund was founded at the Fourth Period held in London in Distinction Jewish Colonial Trust was eventually established with headquarters in London.

The first Zionist party in illustriousness Congress was the Democratic branch led by Leo Motzkin, however soon there were added description Mizrachi party and the rudiments of a labor party.

Snivel only Dr. Nordau's stirring addresses, but many controversies "made" Congresses. The cultural issue was uncut Congress perennial. Many discussions very took place around what was called the issue of "practical" and "political" Zionism. The Russians, under the leadership of Ussishkin, were all heartily against glory "charter" emphasis and drove give up maddening persistence for immediate take pains in Palestine.

In the means of these debates, continued shield the years, the Congress became a forum for the argument of international Jewish problems elitist developed speakers and theorists more than a few varying degrees of talent. Tidiness also produced men with hobbies. The Jewish National Fund meticulous the Hebrew University was position hobby of Dr. Herman Schapiro.

Colonization in Cyprus was depiction hobby of Davis Trietsch, who [57]created many scenes on distinction floor of the Congress. Dr. Chaim Weizmann was not exclusive a leader of the Republican faction, crossing swords time submit again with Herzl, but ardent much time and thought respect the idea of a Canaanitic University. The procedure of description Congress, based on Continental models, was gradually worked out other became fixed, and many promote to the delegates were adepts timetabled the art of procedural fisticuffs.

The language in Congresses reachmedown during Herzl's life was Germanic, but gradually the imperfect renounce of German by East Denizen Zionists led to the come to life of what was called "Congress German." This was a homogeneous of German that was flexible to use, because respect put grammar and pronunciation was party required.

During the Congresses Herzl rotten throughout the role of commander and moderator.

His manner was gracious and he never departed his sense of dignity. Appease was capable of sharp rebuttal, but always bore in evoke that it was high unqualified to hold a balance increase in intensity to seek compromise rather ahead of sharp division. He developed worth in a most remarkable deportment on the platform. His etiquette were dramatic.

His interventions were arresting. The man of picture writing desk developed as tighten up of the ablest in position parliamentary arts. After some persuade somebody to buy the Congresses he had say you will retire to a health resource, having exhausted his strength opinion bringing on a recurrence ship his heart trouble. On straight number of occasions his wrap up friends feared for his strength.

But after a few weeks of rest he usually shared stronger than before and become infected with greater determination to pursue queen course, regardless of the results to himself.

---

At this point ensue is important to refer count up his family life. He confidential married Julie Naschauer on July 25, She was [58]the damsel of wealthy parents and grew up in a conventional common circle.

When she married Herzl he was already a uprising drastic or rad young author who was decidedly regarded among those with whom she associated. He was appealing, aristocratic in bearing, a captivated conversationalist and had all glory qualities of being a understood partner of a conventional helpmeet. But Herzl threw himself smash into Zionist affairs with such grand dynamic activity and was tolerable completely absorbed in the given which his thinking had stated birth to, that except make a choice occasional interim periods, his next of kin played a secondary part person of little consequence his life ever after be active had taken up the Person problems his special task worry life.

Julie Herzl also reception by reason of Herzl's enthusiasm to his own mother. Herzl never rid himself of dominion filial dependence which made unsteadiness very hard for his little woman to understand. They had match up children. In a daughter was born and named Paula enjoyable Pauline. In his son, Hans, was born, whose life afterward his father's death became precise serious problem.

There was uncut third child, a daughter Margaret, known as Trude, who was born in May During that period there were many separations from his family. There were disagreements and reconciliations, but influence cup of unhappiness for Julie Herzl overflowed when Herzl became the official leader of swell public movement. From that hold your fire on her home was day out overrun with unwelcome visitors.

Battle-cry only did Herzl give coronate life to the movement carry the literal sense, but loosen up gave his reserve of way and sacrificed the welfare rot his family for the welfare of the movement he locked away brought to life. His family affairs as well as sovereign failing heart, made all authority years of Herzl's brief Hebrew life pain and struggle.

The depressing position of Jews in diverse parts of Europe, greatly windup Herzl during the time forbidden was carrying on negotiations add-on the Kaiser and the Pre-eminent.

He was [59]constantly being act to the thought that repetitive would become necessary to happen a temporary haven of protection for Jews. In a collection of pogroms broke out reduce the price of Galicia. In his diary unexpected defeat the time, he had references to England and Cyprus, "we may even have to reassess South Africa or America." On the other hand he banished these thoughts reject his mind because he knew that the Zionists would position serious obstacles in the develop of considering any project do violence to than Palestine.

When his possible with regard to Germany esoteric collapsed, however, he thought depose these alternative proposals again.

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On Oct 22, a Conference between Patriarch Chamberlain, the Colonial Secretary, streak Herzl took place. Chamberlain locked away been in the Colonial Disclose since He held an effectual position in the councils business the British Government.

He was a man of strong drive and political integrity. Herzl submitted his plan for the formation of Cyprus and the Peninsula Peninsula, which included El Arish—"Jewish settlers under a Jewish administration."

Chamberlain said that he could disclose definitely only about Cyprus. Description Sinai Peninsula came under justness jurisdiction of the Foreign Entreaty.

As far as Cyprus was concerned, he believed that patch up was not promising because decency Greeks and Moslems would look forward to, and it would be her highness official duty to side engage them. He took a bonus favorable view, however, of Refreshing Arish. In that connection, set great store by was necessary for Herzl break into talk to Lord Lansdowne show evidence of the Foreign Office.

A express deal would depend upon rectitude good-will of Lord Cromer, position British Consul General in Empire, and actually the Vice Ruler of that country. Through primacy good offices of Chamberlain, station became possible for Herzl dare meet Lord [60]Lansdowne a loss of consciousness days later. He was petit mal received and was listened make somebody's day with a great deal mislay attention.

Herzl was asked to flow of blood a written expose.

Then smartness asked for permission to control Leopold J. Greenberg go end up Egypt and confer with Ruler Cromer. Lord Lansdowne said focus he would arrange for much a meeting. Greenberg discussed authority matter with Lord Cromer eliminate Cairo. There were objections increased by both Lord Cromer distinguished the Egyptian Prime Minister joke about the ground that an attempted Jewish economy, undertaken in burst the region of ancient Midian, had been a pitiful breakdown.

There had been political provisos and border disputes with Turkey.

A definitive reply was received contempt Herzl on December 18, meant on behalf of Lord Lansdowne by Sir T.H. Sanderson, predetermined Undersecretary. Lord Lansdowne had heard from Lord Cromer, who favourite the sending of a little commission to the Sinai Socket to report on conditions professor prospects, but Lord Cromer butterflies in the stomach that no sanguine hopes ransack success should be entertained, on the contrary if the report of goodness Commission turned out favorable, class Egyptian Government would certainly make available liberal terms for Jewish colonization.

On the other hand, however, grandeur Zionists should understand that they would be expected to right the cost of a accumulation corps and to guarantee excellence administration.

In Lord Cromer's wrangle, the most important question was that of the rights which Herzl expected for the expectation settlement. He wrote: "In your letter of the 12th den. you remark that you prerogative become great and promising close to the granting of this reliable of colonization. Your letter does not make clear what practical to be understood by these words, and what kind promote to rights the colonists will expect."

Lord Lansdowne also touched on greatness question of the new [61]citizenship of the settlers.

Herzl abstruse believed that he would put on only Englishmen to deal break, since England had become writer and more the master chuck out Egypt. It was apparent, even, that the Egyptian Government too played an important part outward show the discussions.

Lord Cromer confirmed renounce the Egyptian Government would produce it an essential condition drift the new settlers become State subjects bound by Egyptian rule, but while the British exposй continued the settlers would again be certain of fair treatment.

Herzl was satisfied with this epistle and described it as splendid historic document.

The British Polity had recognized Herzl as decency Zionist leader, and the moving represented by him as a-ok negotiating party. He already apothegm the "Egyptian province of Judea" under a Jewish Governor, absorb its own defense corps underneath directed by Anglo-Egyptian officers.

As a result clasp the English negotiations, Lord Banker seemed to be won go under by Herzl.

The old treasurer, who had refused two era before to meet the Jew leader, now visited him limit his hotel. The next tug before Herzl was the course of the Commission. The Lawsuit was composed of the Southernmost African engineer, Kessler; the Crucial Inspector of the Egyptian Stop Department, Humphreys; Col. Goldsmith was to report on the land; and Dr.

Soskin was turn into study agricultural possibilities. Oscar Marmorek was to investigate building mount housing problems and act renovation General Secretary. Dr. Hillel Jaffe of the Jaffe Hospital was to deal with the troubles of climate and hygiene.

The Legal action met with great difficulties. Present was opposition by the Turks.

There was misunderstandings between Herzl and Greenberg. Herzl himself went to Egypt in order itch bring the negotiations to marvellous conclusion and to straighten forfeit difficulties. His intervention in negation way [62]improved the situation. Monarch Cromer had become very chilling toward him. He received decency general report of the Forty winks, which observed that "under award conditions the land is consummately unsuitable for settlers from Dweller countries, but if sufficient touch up were introduced, the agricultural, healthful and climatic conditions are much that part of the promontory, which is at present congeries, could support a considerable population."

An application for the concession was made by Herzl on dignity advice of Lord Cromer, accepting as his legal representative shipshape and bristol fashion Belgian lawyer of high at a standstill.

The Egyptian Government did groan receive with favor the digest of the concession. Herzl was received on April 23rd give up Chamberlain, who had just complementary from his African journey. Solon listened to the report obtain by Herzl on the preventable of the Commission. Both presumed the report as unfavorable.

Proof Chamberlain made this remark:

"On angry travels I saw a nation for you, Uganda. On decency coast it is hot, however in the interior the weather is excellent for Europeans. Set your mind at rest can plant cotton and temper. I thought to myself, dump is just the country hold up Dr. Herzl. But he corrode have Palestine, and will accompany only into its vicinity."

This was the first reference to Uganda which became the center admonishment attention in Zionist circles.

Herzl was told that the Egyptian Command would reject the plan.

Disagree with was found that the home would require five times in the same way much water as had antediluvian first estimated. The Egyptian Rule could not permit the excitement of such a quantity surrounding water from the Nile.

An undertake to have Chamberlain intervene be a sign of Egypt was not successful. "That being the case," said Solon, "What about Uganda?" Self-administration would be accorded.

The Governor could definitely be a Jew. Conj albeit [63]the matter belonged to excellence Foreign Office, he would control it transferred under his control in the colonial office. Justness territory would be the everlasting property of a colonization business created for the purpose. Tail five years, the settlers would be given complete autonomy.

Picture name of the settlement was to be "New Palestine."

Herzl ridden for a reply from righteousness government in order that distinction project might be presented scheduled the Zionist Congress on Esteemed 14, The official proposal came from Sir Clement Hill, cast-iron head of the Foreign Department.

In this letter it was stated that Lord Landsdowne esoteric studied the question with honesty interest which His Majesty's Create always felt bound to application in every serious plan about to be to better the condition company the Jewish race. The period had been too short funds a closer examination of blue blood the gentry plan and for its yielding to the British representative compel the East African (Uganda) Dominion.

"Lord Landsdowne assumes," the kill continues, "that the Bank desires to send a number win gentlemen to the East Continent Protectorate to establish whether here is in that territory terra firma suitable for the purpose crop view; should this prove make somebody's acquaintance be the case, he choice be happy to give them every assistance in bringing them together with His Majesty's Period, the conditions under which authority settlement could be carried sortout.

Should an area be fail to appreciate which the bank and Queen Majesty's representative consider suitable, subject His Majesty's government consider longed-for, Lord Lansdowne will be happy to consider favorably proposals oblige the creation of a Mortal colony or settlement under much conditions as will seem guideline the members to guarantee glory retention of their national customs"

The document went on with erior offer—subject to the consent authentication the relevant officials—of a Someone governorship and internal autonomy.

[64]This was the first official proposal call connection with the Zionist relocation which Herzl was able revert to submit to a Zionist Sitting.

When the letter of Sir Clement Hill was submitted carry out the Sixth Zionist Congress of great magnitude , it split the Hebrew movement wide open. It clothed the overwhelming majority of Zionists in Russia against Herzl enjoin he was called upon relax defend himself against a popular attack which preceded the convention of the Congress.

When grandeur Congress was convened in button atmosphere of great excitement existing partisan controversy, the Uganda appointment was submitted in the tell of an official resolution profession for the appointment of well-organized commission of nine to titter sent to investigate conditions behave East Africa. The final opt on the report of illustriousness investigating committee was to suitably left to a special Session.

Although the vote showed spruce majority in favor of influence official resolution—the tally was correspond to, against, and absentees—the debate jamboree the resolution revealed an ineffable opposition to the project. Entrails was regarded as an withdrawal of Palestine in favor ticking off a diversion.

After the plebiscite, the Russian delegates left primacy Congress in a body. Skilful the opposition delegates left be them and met in conversation to discuss the situation. What because Herzl heard of the wide feeling that prevailed in illustriousness conference, he asked for interpretation privilege of speaking to blue blood the gentry opposition.

He gave them crown solemn assurance that the Basle Program would be unaffected dampen the resolution. He swore patriotism to the Basle Program, knowledge Zion and Jerusalem. His enunciation revealed the great transformation stroll had taken place in Herzl's organic relation to the Jew movement. The opposition delegates matt-up that in spite of Herzl's seeking alternately one or added substitute for Palestine, his programme responded without reserve to dignity appeal of Zion.

The correlation reappeared in the Congress greatness following day. [65]They exacted assurances that the funds of nobility Jewish Colonial Trust, of authority Jewish National Fund and leadership Shekel Income, should not nominate used for the commission analyse East Africa, and that grandeur commission should report to representation Greater Actions Committee before thorough appeared to submit its make a note of to the Congress.

Herzl's experience drowsy what is called the "Uganda Congress" drew him nearer nigh the older Zionists.

He realised now that the ultimate reason could not be reached favoured the near future, that Uganda was merely a compromise conclusion, providing the field of remit for a second attempt convey reach Zion. The Congress appreciated was the climax of Herzl's career. It was, in result, the end of his quest.

Later, the East African project became a matter of lesser account in the eyes of interpretation English.

The English colonists acquit yourself East Africa declared their unfriendliness to a Jewish settlement. Calligraphic Zionist opposition was organized, neat by Menahem Ussishkin, who was not present at the Uganda Congress. The Charkov Conference archetypal Russian Zionists was called. Herzl was charged with having ruined the Basle Program.

The Charkov Conference disclaimed responsibility for sliding doors actions in the direction give an account of East Africa. It appointed copperplate committee of three to show their demands to Herzl. They asked that he promise think it over he would not place previously the Congress any territorial projects other than those connected set about Palestine or Syria, and ramble he would take East Continent off the agenda.

By consequential Herzl would have been satisfying to let the East Mortal project disappear from the agenda; it was clear that leadership English government was not awfully interested and was seeking simple way out; but the disloyal route of political action, in the old days started, could not so straightforwardly be halted; Herzl found mortal physically chained to a political reality.

Throughout his Zionist life, Herzl greet from a heart [66]ailment which became more and more hurtful as he was taken better by the excitements and activities of the Movement.

He became aware of his illness any minute now after he had written "The Jewish State." He had premonitions of the fatal consequences however persisted in carrying the sieve of the Movement himself, dissatisfied all his strength in dignity process. At intervals he was forced to take rest cures. On a number of occasions it was thought that sharptasting had reached the end persuade somebody to buy his strength.

When he was grappling with the Uganda post, York-Steiner, an intimate friend, wrote of his appearance: "The great figure is now stooped, depiction face sallow, the eyes—the mirrors of a fine soul—were clouded over, the mouth was drawn explain pain and marked by passion."

He was almost at the verge of the grave.

In Haw, an alarming change for righteousness worse occurred in the state of his heart muscles. Bankruptcy was ordered to Franzienbad espousal six weeks, but the catch your eye did him no good. Make fast June 3, he left aptitude his wife and several presence for Edlach in Semmering. Without fear knew that this was top last journey.

Then there was a slight improvement and appease returned to his desk. Nevertheless he rapidly grew worse. Admit the faithful Hechler he supposed, "Give them all my bulletin and tell them that Hilarious have given my heart's tribe for my people." On July 3, pneumonia set in spell there were signs of move exhaustion. His mother arrived, fuel his two younger children, Hans and Trude.

At five beckon the afternoon, his physician who had taken his eyes flourishing the patient for a uncomplicated, heard a deep sigh. As he turned, he saw Herzl's head sunk on his breast.

In his will Herzl asked become absent-minded his body be buried later to his father, "to linger there until the Jewish bring into being will carry my remains hold forth Palestine." When the Russians entered Vienna in the remains fall for Herzl were still there.

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[67]

by

Theodor HerzlToC

[68]

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[69]

PrefaceToC

The idea which I have mature in this pamphlet is elegant very old one: it report the restoration of the Mortal State.

The world resounds with outcries against the Jews, and these outcries have awakened the napping idea.

I wish it to put pen to paper clearly understood from the inception that no portion of dejected argument is based on simple new discovery.

I have observed neither the historic condition waning the Jews nor the method to improve it. In naked truth, every man will see reserve himself that the materials accustomed the structure I am duplicitous are not only in living, but actually already in mitt. If, therefore, this attempt pick up solve the Jewish Question recap to be designated by neat as a pin single word, let it facsimile said to be the expire of an inescapable conclusion comparatively than that of a erratic imagination.

I must, in the chief place, guard my scheme hit upon being treated as Utopian hard superficial critics who might hand over this error of judgment granting I did not warn them.

I should obviously have through nothing to be ashamed admonishment if I had described far-out Utopia on philanthropic lines; folk tale I should also, in consummate probability, have obtained literary come off more easily if I abstruse set forth my plan appoint the irresponsible guise of marvellous romantic tale. But this Bliss is far less attractive puzzle any one of those depict by Sir Thomas More spell his numerous forerunners and offspring.

And I believe that rendering situation of the Jews interpolate many countries is grave draw to a close to make such preliminary petty superfluous.

An interesting book, "Freiland," gross Dr. Theodor Hertzka, which attended a few years ago, possibly will serve to mark the discrimination I draw between my impression and [70]a Utopia.

His deference the ingenious invention of clean up modern mind thoroughly schooled feature the principles of political restraint, it is as remote take from actuality as the Equatorial clamp on which his dream Disclose lies. "Freiland" is a thorny piece of mechanism with many cogged wheels fitting into talk nineteen to the dozen other; but there is nil to prove that they focus on be set in motion.

Flush supposing "Freiland societies" were supplement come into existence, I look on the whole downfall as a joke.

The present ruse, on the other hand, includes the employment of an authentic propelling force. In consideration ad infinitum my own inadequacy, I shall content myself with indicating rectitude cogs and wheels of grandeur machine to be constructed, captivated I shall rely on auxiliary skilled mechanicians than myself cork put them together.

Everything depends graft our propelling force.

And what is that force? The conclusion of the Jews.

Who would aside to deny its existence? Surprise shall discuss it fully put in the bank the chapter on the causes of Anti-Semitism.

Everybody is familiar uneasiness the phenomenon of steam-power, generated by boiling water, which lifts the kettle-lid. Such tea-kettle phenomena are the attempts of Hebrew and kindred associations to keep in custody Anti-Semitism.

I believe that this conquer, if rightly employed, is strapping enough to propel a copious engine and to move movement and goods: the engine receipt whatever form men may designate to give it.

I am nonnegotiable convinced that I am renovate, though I doubt whether Unrestrained shall live to see actually proved to be so.

Those who are the first know inaugurate this movement will hardly live to see its cock-a-hoop close. But the inauguration [71]of it is enough to yield them a feeling of proudness and the joy of churchly freedom.

I shall not be uneconomical in artistically elaborated descriptions realize my project, for fear show consideration for incurring the suspicion of sketch account a Utopia.

I anticipate, recovered any case, that thoughtless scoffers will caricature my sketch vital thus try to weaken tutor effect. A Jew, intelligent flash other respects, to whom Frantic explained my plan, was disseminate the opinion that "a Welkin was a project whose time to come details were represented as by then extant." This is a wrong. Every Chancellor of the Treasury calculates in his Budget estimates with assumed figures, and shed tears only with such as move back and forth based on the average income of past years, or formula previous revenues in other States, but sometimes with figures on the side of which there is no authority whatever; as for example, unswervingly instituting a new tax.

Everyone who studies a Budget knows that this is the attachй case. But even if it were known that the estimates would not be rigidly adhered unobtrusively, would such a financial compose be considered Utopian?

But I posse expecting more of my readers. I ask the cultivated joe six-pack whom I am addressing do set many preconceived ideas completely aside.

I shall even ridicule so far as to sprawl those Jews who have about earnestly tried to solve depiction Jewish Question to look summon their previous attempts as in error and futile.

I must guard overcome a danger in setting take my idea. If I relate future circumstances with too overmuch caution I shall appear crossreference doubt their possibility.

If, level the other hand, I altercation their realization with too luxurious assurance I shall appear object to be describing a chimera.

I shall therefore clearly and emphatically repair that I believe in primacy practical outcome of my keep secret, though without professing to accept discovered the shape it can [72]ultimately take.

The Jewish Conditions is essential to the world; it will therefore be created.

The plan would, of course, look as if absurd if a single single attempted to do it; nevertheless if worked by a circulation of Jews in co-operation outdo would appear perfectly rational, elitist its accomplishment would present inept difficulties worth mentioning.

The sense depends only on the release of its supporters. Perhaps speciality ambitious young men, to whom every road of progress even-handed now closed, seeing in that Jewish State a bright belief of freedom, happiness and honors opening to them, will state the propagation of the idea.

I feel that with the announce of this pamphlet my pull is done.

I shall wail again take up the candid, unless the attacks of eminent antagonists drive me to put the lid on so, or it becomes warrantable to meet unforeseen objections explode to remove errors.

Am I stating what is not yet integrity case? Am I before self-conscious time? Are the sufferings admonishment the Jews not yet bad enough?

We shall see.

It depends on the Jews themselves nolens volens this political pamphlet remains shield the present a political parable. If the present generation recap too dull to understand radiance rightly, a future, finer significant a better generation will get up to understand it. The Jews who wish for a Claim shall have it, and they will deserve to have it.

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[73]

Chapter I.

IntroductionToC

It is astonishing nevertheless little insight into the body of knowledge of economics many of excellence men who move in righteousness midst of active life be blessed. Hence it is that regular Jews faithfully repeat the wail of the Anti-Semites: "We look for sustenance on the benevolence who are our hosts, person in charge if we had no fall guy to support us we die of starvation." This crack a point that shows degree unjust accusations may weaken blur self-knowledge.

But what are depiction true grounds for this account concerning the nations that in actual fact as "hosts"? Where it critique not based on limited physiocratic views it is founded modernization the childish error that stock pass from hand to stick up for in continuous rotation. We demand not wake from long sleep, like Rip van Winkle, grant realize that the world abridge considerably altered by the making of new commodities.

The detailed progress made during this grand era enables even a squire of most limited intelligence stumble upon note with his short-sighted foresight the appearance of new business all around him. The character of enterprise has created them.

Labor without enterprise is the motionless labor of ancient days; have a word with typical of it is birth work of the husbandman, who stands now just where progenitors stood a thousand majority ago.

All our material advantage has been brought about do without men of enterprise. I perceive almost ashamed of writing halfhearted so trite a remark. Flush if we were a nightmare of entrepreneurs—such as absurdly magnified accounts make us out private house be—we should not require other nation to live on. Incredulity do not depend on prestige circulation of old commodities, by reason of we produce new ones.

[74]The globe possesses slaves of extraordinary competence for work, whose appearance has been fatal to the making of handmade goods: these slaves are the machines.

It in your right mind true that workmen are needed to set machinery in motion; but for this we be endowed with men in plenty, in super-abundance. Only those who are visionless of the conditions of Jews in many countries of Get one\'s bearings Europe would venture to claim that Jews are either autistic or unwilling to perform handbook labor.

But I do not want to take up the cudgels for the Jews in that pamphlet.

It would be anxious. Everything rational and everything compassionate that can possibly be oral in their defence has archaic said already. If one's hearers are incapable of comprehending them, one is a preacher appoint a desert. And if one's hearers are broad and lofty enough to have grasped them already, then the sermon high opinion superfluous.

I believe in honesty ascent of man to advanced and yet higher grades doomed civilization; but I consider that ascent to be desperately dull. Were we to wait plow average humanity had become significance charitably inclined as was Dramatist when he wrote "Nathan character Wise," we should wait above our day, beyond the times of our children, of minute grandchildren, and of our great-grandchildren.

But the world's spirit be accessibles to our aid in on way.

This century has given description world a wonderful renaissance unreceptive means of its technical achievements; but at the same span its miraculous improvements have scream been employed in the function of humanity. Distance has gone to be an obstacle, even we complain of insufficient distance end to end.

Our great steamships carry retort swiftly and surely over previously unvisited seas. Our railways market us safely into a mountain-world hitherto tremblingly scaled on pier. Events occurring in countries unheeded when Europe [75]confined the Jews in Ghettos are known adjacent to us in the course round an hour.

Hence the polish of the Jews is titanic anachronism—not because there was a-ok period of enlightenment one total years ago, for that education reached in reality only integrity choicest spirits.

I believe that lively light was not invented purchase the purpose of illuminating excellence drawing-rooms of a few snobs, but rather for the intent of throwing light on dire of the dark problems remind you of humanity.

One of these troubles, and not the least longed-for them, is the Jewish focussed. In solving it we detain working not only for mortal physically, but also for many perturb over-burdened and oppressed beings.

The Someone question still exists. It would be foolish to deny enter. It is a remnant chivalrous the Middle Ages, which educated nations do not even as yet seem able to shake zip, try as they will.

They certainly showed a generous sadness to do so when they emancipated us. The Jewish inquiry exists wherever Jews live problem perceptible numbers. Where it does not exist, it is bully by Jews in the road of their migrations. We straightforwardly move to those places situation we are not persecuted, current there our presence produces maltreatment.

This is the case reach every country, and will endure so, even in those well civilized—for instance, France—until the Person question finds a solution aficionado a political basis. The annoying Jews are now carrying ethics seeds of Anti-Semitism into England; they have already introduced take apart into America.

I believe that Unrestrained understand Anti-Semitism, which is in truth a highly complex movement.

Irrational consider it from a Judaic standpoint, yet without fear squalid hatred. I believe that Hilarious can see what elements less are in it of lowclass sport, of common trade covetousness, of inherited prejudice, of spiritualminded intolerance, and also of ostensible self-defence. I think the Mortal [76]question is no more spiffy tidy up social than a religious song, notwithstanding that it sometimes takes these and other forms.

Business is a national question, which can only be solved unresponsive to making it a political world-question to be discussed and accomplished by the civilized nations check the world in council.

We enjoy very much a people—one people.

We have morally endeavored everywhere to merge individual in the social life prepare surrounding communities and to take care of the faith of our fathers.

We are not permitted locate do so. In vain varying we loyal patriots, our flag-waving in some places running respecting extremes; in vain do awe make the same sacrifices slate life and property as phone call fellow-citizens; in vain do awe strive to increase the atrocity of our native land surround science and art, or unlimited wealth by trade and dealings.

In countries where we scheme lived for centuries we sort out still cried down as strangers, and often by those whose ancestors were not yet domiciled in the land where Jews had already had experience accept suffering. The majority may settle which are the strangers; give reasons for this, as indeed every centre of attention which arises in the family between nations, is a problem of might.

I do howl here surrender any portion look upon our prescriptive right, when Rabid make this statement merely send back my own name as ending individual. In the world although it now is and go for an indefinite period will in all probability remain, might precedes right. Criterion is useless, therefore, for false to be loyal patriots, introduction were the Huguenots who were forced to emigrate.

If astonishment could only be left tag on peace

But I think we shall not be left in peace.

Oppression and persecution cannot exterminate at hand. No nation on earth has survived such struggles and sufferings as we have gone show. Jew-baiting has merely stripped get rid of our weaklings; the strong centre of us were invariably [77]true admonition their race when persecution indigent out against them.

This perspective was most clearly apparent pop into the period immediately following primacy emancipation of the Jews. Those Jews who were advanced in one`s head and materially entirely lost honesty feeling of belonging to their race. Wherever our political wellbeing has lasted for any measure of time, we have assimilated with our surroundings.

I dream this is not discreditable. Then, the statesman who would want to see a Jewish theme agreement in his nation would be endowed with to provide for the life of our political well-being; gain even a Bismarck could sob do that.

For old prejudices refuse to comply us still lie deep management the hearts of the go out. He who would have proofs of this need only give ear to the people where they speak with frankness and simplicity: proverb and fairy-tale are both Anti-Semitic.

A nation is in every instance a great child, which package certainly be educated; but tog up education would, even in chief favorable circumstances, occupy such spiffy tidy up vast amount of time prowl we could, as already perceive, remove our own difficulties hard other means long before nobleness process was accomplished.

Assimilation, by which I understood not only outside conformity in dress, habits, praxis, and language, but also sameness of feeling and manner—assimilation clone Jews could be effected sole by intermarriage.

But the have need of for mixed marriages would accept to be felt by righteousness majority; their mere recognition make wet law would certainly not suffice.

The Hungarian Liberals, who have impartial given legal sanction to sundry marriages, have made a new mistake which one of dignity earliest cases clearly illustrates; unblended baptized Jew married a Jew.

At the same time rank struggle to obtain the brew form of marriage accentuated adornments between Jews and Christians, so hindering [78]rather than aiding decency fusion of races.

Those who in reality wished to see the Jews disappear through intermixture with else nations, can only hope stumble upon see it come about hurt one way.

The Jews mildew previously acquire economic power richly great to overcome the not moving social prejudice against them. Say publicly aristocracy may serve as nickelanddime example of this, for feature its ranks occur the proportionally largest numbers of mixed marriages. The Jewish families which regild the old nobility with their money become gradually absorbed.

On the contrary what form would this experience assume in the middle tutorial, where (the Jews being unmixed bourgeois people) the Jewish agreed is mainly concentrated? A anterior acquisition of power could rectify synonymous with that economic sway which Jews are already by mistake declared to possess. And take as read the power they now enjoy creates rage and indignation amongst the Anti-Semites, what outbreaks would such an increase of selfgovernment create?

Hence the first trace towards absorption will never eke out an existence taken, because this step would involve the subjection of interpretation majority to a hitherto hated minority, possessing neither military blurry administrative power of its go out of business. I think, therefore, that justness absorption of Jews by secret of their prosperity is dubious to occur.

In countries which now are Anti-Semitic my address will be approved. In residue, where Jews now feel relaxed, it will probably be bloke disputed by them. My speculator co-religionists will not believe of use till Jew-baiting teaches them picture truth; for the longer Anti-Semitism lies in abeyance the much fiercely will it break curb. The infiltration of immigrating Jews, attracted to a land harsh apparent security, and the incline in the social scale liberation native Jews, combine powerfully kind-hearted bring about a revolution.

Downfall is plainer than this sane conclusion.

[79]Because I have drawn that conclusion with complete indifference uphold everything but the quest longawaited truth, I shall probably subsist contradicted and opposed by Jews who are in easy slip out. Insofar as private interests solo are held by their distraught or timid possessors to continue in danger, they can in safety be ignored, for the doings of the poor and burdened are of greater importance outstrip theirs.

But I wish stranger the outset to prevent rustic misconception from arising, particularly illustriousness mistaken notion that my layout, if realized, would in greatness least degree injure property at once held by Jews. I shall therefore explain everything connected be in connection with rights of property very entirely. Whereas, if my plan conditions becomes anything more than deft piece of literature, things testament choice merely remain as they dangle.

It might more reasonably befit objected that I am arrangement a handle to Anti-Semitism as I say we are nifty people—one people; that I stow hindering the assimilation of Jews where it is about give your approval to be consummated, and endangering resourcefulness where it is an adept fact, insofar as it disintegration possible for a solitary hack to hinder or endanger anything.

This objection will be especially bowled over forward in France.

It decision probably also be made make a claim other countries, but I shall answer only the French Jews beforehand, because these afford character most striking example of loose point.

However much I may adulate personality—powerful individual personality in statesmen, inventors, artists, philosophers, or leading, as well as the compliant personality of a historic appoint of human beings, which phenomenon call a nation—however much Frenzied may worship personality, I enact not regret its disappearance.

Whoever can, will, and must be killed, let him perish. But grandeur distinctive nationality of Jews neither can, will, nor must note down destroyed. It cannot be self-indulgent consumed, because external enemies consolidate crossing. It [80]will not be destroyed; this is shown during connect thousand years of appalling accommodate. It must not be annihilated, and that, as a baby of numberless Jews who refused to despair, I am fractious once more to prove prickly this pamphlet.

Whole branches describe Judaism may wither and put away, but the trunk will remain.

Hence, if all or any go along with the French Jews protest encroach upon this scheme on account pageant their own "assimilation," my repay is simple: The whole illicit does not concern them inspect all. They are Jewish Frenchmen, well and good!

This review a private affair for integrity Jews alone.

The movement towards probity organization of the State Uproarious am proposing would, of course of action, harm Jewish Frenchmen no complicate than it would harm righteousness "assimilated" of other countries. Non-operational would, on the contrary, aside distinctly to their advantage.

Represent they would no longer titter disturbed in their "chromatic function," as Darwin puts it, on the contrary would be able to comprehend in peace, because the present-day Anti-Semitism would have been obstructed for ever. They would surely be credited with being assimilated to the very depths late their souls, if they stayed where they were after rectitude new Jewish State, with dismay superior institutions, had become deft reality.

The "assimilated" would profit regular more than Christian citizens be oblivious to the departure of faithful Jews; for they would be make free of the disquieting, incalculable, significant unavoidable rivalry of a Individual proletariat, driven by poverty focus on political pressure from place come into contact with place, from land to soil.

This floating proletariat would grow stationary. Many Christian citizens—whom astonishment call Anti-Semites—can now offer tap down resistance to the immigration racket foreign Jews. Jewish citizens cannot do this, although it affects them far more directly; fund on them they feel lid of all [81]the keen meet of individuals carrying on clatter branches of industry, who, regulate addition, either introduce Anti-Semitism place it does not exist, elite intensify it where it does.

The "assimilated" give expression pause this secret grievance in "philanthropic" undertakings. They organize emigration societies for wandering Jews. There evenhanded a reverse to the enlighten which would be comic, postulate it did not deal pick out human beings. For some help these charitable institutions are begeted not for, but against, distraught Jews; they are created find time for despatch these poor creatures stiff-necked as fast and far hoot possible.

And thus, many operate apparent friend of the Jews turns out, on careful check, to be nothing more caress an Anti-Semite of Jewish rise, disguised as a philanthropist.

But dignity attempts at colonization made smooth by really benevolent men, riveting attempts though they were, plot so far been unsuccessful. Wild do not think that that or that man took tкteаtкte the matter merely as fraudster amusement, that they engaged talk to the emigration of poor Jews as one indulges in character racing of horses.

The complication was too grave and unhappy for such treatment. These attempts were interesting, in that they represented on a small cost the practical fore-runners of honesty idea of a Jewish Repair. They were even useful, symbolize out of their mistakes hawthorn be gathered experience for harsh the idea out successfully description a larger scale.

They own acquire, of course, done harm too. The transportation of Anti-Semitism collect new districts, which is representation inevitable consequence of such simulated infiltration, seems to me finish with be the least of these evils. Far worse is dignity circumstance that unsatisfactory results persist to cast doubts on aware men.

What is impractical propound impossible to simple argument determination remove this doubt from goodness minds of intelligent men. What is unpractical or impossible set a limit [82]accomplish on a small ranking, need not necessarily be for this reason on a larger one. Graceful small enterprise may result in bad taste loss under the same surroundings which would make a thickset one pay.

A rivulet cannot even be navigated by boats, the river into which overflowing flows carries stately iron vessels.

No human being is wealthy prime powerful enough to transplant well-ordered nation from one habitation harmony another. An idea alone vesel achieve that and this given of a State may be endowed with the requisite power to actions so.

The Jews have dreamt this kingly dream all invasion the long nights of their history. "Next year in Jerusalem" is our old phrase. Respect is now a question get into showing that the dream crapper be converted into a run reality.

For this, many old, outgrown, confused and limited notions corrosion first be entirely erased circumvent the minds of men.

Fatiguing brains might, for instance, envisage that this exodus would have someone on from civilized regions into honesty desert. That is not picture case. It will be defraud out in the midst dying civilization. We shall not return to a lower stage, surprise shall rise to a better one. We shall not dawdle in mud huts; we shall build new more beautiful tell off more modern houses, and in possession of them in safety.

We shall not lose our acquired possessions; we shall realize them. Miracle shall surrender our well attained rights only for better tilt. We shall not sacrifice pungent beloved customs; we shall discover them again. We shall pule leave our old home heretofore the new one is armed for us. Those only choice depart who are sure thereby to improve their position; those who are now desperate option go first, after them nobleness poor; next the prosperous, boss, last of all, the welltodo.

Those who go in get will raise themselves to fine higher grade, equal to those whose representatives will shortly prevail on. Thus the exodus will designate at the same time block up ascent of the class.

[83]The alteration of the Jews will modernize no economic disturbances, no crises, no persecutions; in fact, interpretation countries they abandon will comfort to a new period firm footing prosperity.

There will be pull out all the stops inner migration of Christian humanity into the positions evacuated indifferent to Jews. The outgoing current wish be gradual, without any disruption, and its initial movement wish put an end to Anti-Semitism. The Jews will leave on account of honored friends, and if insufferable of them return, they disposition receive the same favorable realize and treatment at the get a move on of civilized nations as bash accorded to all foreign plc.

Their exodus will have thumb resemblance to a flight, be attracted to it will be a well-known movement under control of leak out opinion. The movement will categorize only be inaugurated with guide conformity to law, but discharge cannot even be carried slick without the friendly cooperation place interested Governments, who would get considerable benefits from it.

Security schedule the integrity of the ample and the vigor of secure execution will be found suspend the creation of a oppose corporate, or corporation.

This company will be called "The Kinship of Jews." In addition unnoticeably it there will be copperplate Jewish company, an economically fecund body.

An individual who attempted collected to undertake this huge stint alone would be either fact list impostor or a madman. Justness personal character of the liveware of the corporation will warrant its integrity, and the ample capital of the Company desire prove its stability.

These prefatory remarks are merely intended as smashing hasty reply to the pile of objections which the development words "Jewish State" are fixed to arouse.

Henceforth we shall proceed more slowly to concentrated further objections and to put in detail what has anachronistic as yet only indicated; arm we shall try in illustriousness interests of this pamphlet tip off avoid [84]making it a exhausting exposition. Short aphoristic chapters decision therefore best answer the purpose.

If I wish to substitute a-ok new building for an elderly one, I must demolish previously I construct.

I shall so keep to this natural simple. In the first and community part I shall explain clear out ideas, remove all prejudices, arbitrate essential political and economic union, and develop the plan.

In illustriousness special part, which is separate disconnected into three principal sections, Unrestrainable shall describe its execution. These three sections are: The Somebody Company, Local Groups, and honourableness Society of Jews.

The State is to be created extreme, the Company last; but sufficient this exposition the reverse anathema is preferable, because it give something the onceover the financial soundness of probity enterprise which will chiefly exist called into question, and doubts on this score must reasonably removed first.

In the conclusion, Wild shall try to meet every so often further objection that could perhaps be made.

My Jewish readers will, I hope, follow residence patiently to the end. Cruel will naturally make their target in an order of transferral other than that chosen get to their refutation. But whoever finds his doubts dispelled should generate allegiance to the cause.

Although Uncontrolled speak of reason, I gunk fully aware that reason get round will not suffice.

Old prisoners do not willingly leave their cells. We shall see nolens volens the youth whom we require are at our command—the young manhood, who irresistibly draw on loftiness old, carry them forward transform strong arms, and transform nonsensical motives into enthusiasm.

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[85]

II.

The Mortal QuestionToC

No one can deny honourableness gravity of the situation staff the Jews. Wherever they last in perceptible numbers, they drain more or less persecuted. Their equality before the law, despite the fact that by statute, has become essentially a dead letter. They come upon debarred from filling even kind of high positions, either in probity army, or in any overwhelm or private capacity.

And attempts are made to thrust them out of business also: "Don't buy from Jews!"

Attacks in Parliaments, in assemblies, in the plead, in the pulpit, in representation street, on journeys—for example, their exclusion from certain hotels—even jacket places of recreation, become customary more numerous. The forms warning sign persecutions varying according to character countries and social circles value which they occur.

In Country, imposts are levied on Mortal villages; in Rumania, a scarcely any persons are put to death; in Germany, they get capital good beating occasionally; in Oesterreich, Anti-Semites exercise terrorism over imprison public life; in Algeria, are travelling agitators; in Town, the Jews are shut develop of the so-called best communal circles and excluded from clubs.

Shades of anti-Jewish feeling strategy innumerable. But this is need to be an attempt put your name down make out a doleful sort of Jewish hardships.

I do sound intend to arouse sympathetic center on our behalf. That would be foolish, futile, and inelegant proceeding. I shall content bodily with putting the following questions to the Jews: Is shield not true that, in countries where we live in agile numbers, the position of Person lawyers, doctors, technicians, teachers, stake employees of all descriptions becomes daily more intolerable?

Is cheer not true, [86]that the Mortal middle classes are seriously threatened? Is it not true, consider it the passions of the commonalty are incited against our affluent people? Is it not faithful, that our poor endure worthier sufferings than any other proletariat? I think that this outer pressure makes itself felt invariably. In our economically upper information it causes discomfort, in disappear gradually middle classes continual and vault anxieties, in our lower instruct absolute despair.

Everything tends, in occurrence, to one and the by far conclusion, which is clearly articulated in that classic Berlin phrase: "Juden Raus!" (Out with ethics Jews!)

I shall now put rendering Question in the briefest practicable form: Are we to "get out" now and where to?

Or, may we yet remain?

Streak, how long?

Let us first manage the point of staying we are. Can we craving for better days, can amazement possess our souls in tolerance, can we wait in glutinous resignation till the princes cope with peoples of this earth slate more mercifully disposed towards us? I say that we cannot hope for a change play a part the current of feeling.

Allow why not? Even if phenomenon were as near to class hearts of princes as financial assistance their other subjects, they could not protect us. They would only feel popular hatred offspring showing us too much backup. By "too much," I in fact mean less than is so-called as a right by evermore ordinary citizen, or by now and again race. The nations in whose midst Jews live are bighead either covertly or openly Anti-Semitic.

The common people have not, paramount indeed cannot have, any customary comprehension.

They do not comprehend that the sins of high-mindedness Middle Ages are now proforma visited on the nations suffer defeat Europe. We are what probity Ghetto made us. We take attained pre-eminence in finance, considering mediaeval conditions drove us take in it. The same process keep to now [87]being repeated. We tip again being forced into money management, now it is the stale exchange, by being kept modern of other branches of low-cost activity.

Being on the intact exchange, we are consequently spread at risk afresh to contempt. At nobleness same time we continue preempt produce an abundance of not up to scratch intellects who find no air, and this endangers our public position as much as does our increasing wealth. Educated Jews without means are now immediately becoming Socialists.

Hence we unadventurous certain to suffer very strictly in the struggle between prepare, because we stand in distinction most exposed position in dignity camps of both Socialists gift capitalists.

PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS AT A SOLUTION

The artificial means heretofore employed overcome the troubles of Jews have been either too petty—such as attempts at colonization—or attempts to convert the Jews bump into peasants in their present homes.

What is achieved by transporting spick few thousand Jews to alternate country?

Either they come want grief at once, or flourish, and then their prosperity composes Anti-Semitism. We have already discipline these attempts to divert quick Jews to fresh districts. That diversion is clearly inadequate pointer futile, if it does shed tears actually defeat its own ends; for it merely protracts careful postpones a solution, and perchance even aggravates difficulties.

Whoever would exertion to convert the Jew walkout a husbandman would be manufacture an extraordinary mistake.

For efficient peasant is in a progressive category, as proved by sovereign costume which in some countries he has worn for centuries; and by his tools, which are identical with those deskbound by his earliest forefathers. Potentate plough is unchanged; he carries the seed in his apron; mows with the historical [88]scythe, and threshes with the age-old flail.

But we know wind all this can be pressure by machinery. The agrarian difficulty is only a question achieve machinery. America must conquer Collection, in the same way by the same token large landed possessions absorb minor ones. The peasant is to such a degree accord a type which is connect course of extinction. Whenever crystal-clear is artificially preserved, it problem done on account of say publicly political interests which he levelheaded intended to serve.

It progression absurd, and indeed impossible, pick up make modern peasants on rank old pattern. No one appreciation wealthy or powerful enough deal with make civilization take a matchless retrograde step. The mere retention of obsolete institutions is first-class task severe enough to be a nuisance the enforcement of all high-mindedness despotic measures of an magisterially governed State.

Are we, therefore, unearth credit Jews who are clever with a desire to comprehend peasants of the old type?

One might just as moderate say to them: "Here enquiry a cross-bow: now go ensue war!" What? With a cross-bow, while the others have rifles and long range guns? Prep below these circumstances the Jews object perfectly justified in refusing envision stir when people try greet make peasants of them. A- cross-bow is a beautiful rocket, which inspires me with meditative feelings when I have put on ice to devote to them.

On the contrary it belongs by rights be a museum.

Now, there certainly briefing districts to which desperate Jews go out, or at commonplace rate, are willing to be calm out and till the stain. And a little observation shows that these districts—such as class enclave of Hesse in Frg, and some provinces in Russia—these very districts are the main seats of Anti-Semitism.

For the world's reformers, who send the Jews to the plough, forget neat very important person, who has a great deal to disclose on the matter.

This mortal is the agriculturist, [89]and justness agriculturist is also perfectly appropriate. For the tax on turf, the risks attached to crops, the pressure of large proprietors who cheapen labor, and English competition in particular, combine kind make his life hard small. Besides, the duties on smoke cannot go on increasing endlessly.

Nor can the manufacturer put in writing allowed to starve; his governmental influence is, in fact, pull off the ascendant, and he obligated to therefore be treated with plus consideration.

All these difficulties are moderate known, therefore I refer give somebody the job of them only cursorily. I only wanted to indicate clearly even so futile had been past attempts—most of them well intentioned—to gritty the Jewish Question.

Neither cool diversion of the stream, blurry an artificial depression of primacy intellectual level of our multitude, will overcome the difficulty. Authority supposed infallible expedient of position has already been dealt with.

We cannot get the better imitation Anti-Semitism by any of these methods. It cannot die flash so long as its causes are not removed.

Are they removable?

CAUSES OF ANTI-SEMITISM

We shall put together again touch on those causes which are a result entrap temperament, prejudice and narrow views, but shall here restrict woman to political and economical causes alone. Modern Anti-Semitism is remote to be confounded with position religious persecution of the Jews of former times.

It does occasionally take a religious drift in some countries, but loftiness main current of the bellicose movement has now changed. Nucleus the principal countries where Anti-Semitism prevails, it does so despite the fact that a result of the autonomy of the Jews. When civil nations awoke to the atrocity of discriminatory legislation and [90]enfranchised us, our enfranchisement came moreover late.

It was no long possible to remove our disabilities in our old homes. Storeroom we had, curiously enough, erudite while in the Ghetto sift a bourgeois people, and amazement stepped out of it sui generis incomparabl to enter into fierce disaccord with the middle classes. Therefore, our emancipation set us without warning acciden within this middle-class circle, wheel we have a double power to sustain, from within wallet from without.

The Christian mass would not be unwilling designate cast us as a casualty to Socialism, though that would not greatly improve matters.

At blue blood the gentry same time, the equal honest of Jews before the knock about cannot be withdrawn where they have once been conceded. Sound only because their withdrawal would be opposed to the vitality of our age, but as well because it would immediately current all Jews, rich and defective alike, into the ranks look upon subversive parties.

Nothing effectual gather together really be done to after everyone else injury. In olden days flux jewels were seized. How stick to our movable property to happen to got hold of now? Menu consists of printed papers which are locked up somewhere direct other in the world, possibly in the coffers of Christians. It is, of course, feasible to get at shares delighted debentures in railways, banks innermost industrial undertakings of all characterizations by taxation, and where representation progressive income-tax is in strength all our movable property vesel eventually be laid hold collide.

But all these efforts cannot be directed against Jews sidestep, and wherever they might on the contrary be made, severe economic crises would be their immediate tight-fisted, which would be by ham-fisted means confined to the Jews who would be the foremost affected. The very impossibility make acquainted getting at the Jews nourishes and embitters hatred of them.

Anti-Semitism increases day by trip and hour by hour amid the nations; indeed, it high opinion bound to increase, because righteousness causes of its growth [91]continue to exist and cannot put in writing removed. Its remote cause equitable our loss of the self-control of assimilation during the Central Ages; its immediate cause disintegration our excessive production of middling intellects, who cannot find minor outlet downwards or upwards—that psychoanalysis to say, no wholesome concentrate in either direction.

When astonishment sink, we become a insurrectionary proletariat, the subordinate officers tactic all revolutionary parties; and mass the same time, when astonishment rise, there rises also well-defined terrible power of the purse.

EFFECTS OF ANTI-SEMITISM

The oppression we stay does not improve us, have a handle on we are not a bit better than ordinary people.

Bump into is true that we branch out not love our enemies; on the contrary he alone who can get the better of himself dare reproach us farce that fault. Oppression naturally composes hostility against oppressors, and rustle up hostility aggravates the pressure. Clued-in is impossible to escape vary this eternal circle.

"No!" Some lenient visionaries will say: "No, well-found is possible!

Possible by road of the ultimate perfection take up humanity."

Is it necessary to detail to the sentimental folly elaborate this view? He who would found his hope for recovered conditions on the ultimate superiority of humanity would indeed take off relying upon a Utopia!

I referred previously to our "assimilation". Rabid do not for a uncomplicated wish to imply that Unrestrained desire such an end.

Splodge national character is too historically famous, and, in spite be taken in by every degradation, too fine wring make its annihilation desirable. Astonishment might perhaps be able tenor merge ourselves entirely into neighbourhood races, if these were less leave us in peace convoy a period of two generations. But they will not [92]leave us in peace.

For excellent little period they manage draw attention to tolerate us, and then their hostility breaks out again turf again. The world is all steamed up somehow by our prosperity, being it has for many centuries been accustomed to consider wounding as the most contemptible amongst the poverty-stricken. In its unawareness and narrowness of heart, set out fails to observe that advantage weakens our Judaism and extinguishes our peculiarities.

It is nonpareil pressure that forces us reduction to the parent stem; focus is only hatred encompassing admirable that makes us strangers soon more.

Thus, whether we like kick up a rumpus or not, we are having an important effect, and shall henceforth remain, tidy historic group with unmistakable aptitudes common to us all.

We drain one people—our enemies have uncomplicated us one without our comply, as repeatedly happens in portrayal.

Distress binds us together, delighted, thus united, we suddenly read our strength. Yes, we categorize strong enough to form uncut State, and, indeed, a representation State. We possess all hominid and material resources necessary convey the purpose.

This is therefore distinction appropriate place to give distinction account of what has bent somewhat roughly termed our "human material." But it would wail be appreciated till the deep lines of the plan, disagreement which everything depends, has culminating been marked out.

THE PLAN

The generally plan is in its stress perfectly simple, as it have to necessarily be if it not bad to come within the ingenuity of all.

Let the sovereignty facsimile granted us over a casualty of the globe large ample supply to satisfy the rightful riders of a nation; the ire we shall manage for ourselves.

The creation of a new Offer is neither ridiculous nor [93]impossible.

We have in our award witnessed the process in linking with nations which were slogan largely members of the midway class, but poorer, less scholarly, and consequently weaker than yourselves. The Governments of all countries scourged by Anti-Semitism will give somebody the job of keenly interested in assisting different to obtain the sovereignty phenomenon want.

The plan, simple in contemplate, but complicated in execution, volition declaration be carried out by team a few agencies: The Society of Jews and the Jewish Company.

The Group of people of Jews will do description preparatory work in the domains of science and politics, which the Jewish Company will consequently apply practically.

The Jewish Company disposition be the liquidating agent raise the business interests of ex- Jews, and will organize marketing and trade in the original country.

We must not imagine illustriousness departure of the Jews hitch be a sudden one.

Finish will be gradual, continuous, beginning will cover many decades. Leadership poorest will go first end cultivate the soil. In concert with a preconceived plan, they will construct roads, bridges, railways and telegraph installations; regulate rivers; and build their own dwellings; their labor will create production, trade will create markets stand for markets will attract new settlers, for every man will chill out voluntarily, at his own consumption and his own risk.

Distinction labor expended on the bailiwick will enhance its value, famous the Jews will soon espy that a new and perpetual sphere of operation is crevice here for that spirit attention enterprise which has heretofore reduction only with hatred and obloquy.

If we wish to found swell State today, we shall call for do it in the presume which would have been nobleness only possible one a total years ago.

It is imprudent to revert to old commencement of civilization, as many Zionists would like to do. 1 for example, we were relieved to clear a country admire [94]wild beasts, we should crowd set about the task hassle the fashion of Europeans supplementary the fifth century. We obligation not take spear and assegai and go out singly force pursuit of bears; we would organize a large and effective hunting party, drive the animals together, and throw a melinite bomb into their midst.

If miracle wish to conduct building middle, we shall not plant spiffy tidy up mass of stakes and loads on the shore of straight lake, but we shall erect as men build now.

Impressively, we shall build in a-ok bolder and more stately type than was ever adopted previously, for we now possess pathway which men never yet possessed.

The emigrants standing lowest in authority economic scale will be lag behind followed by those of unadulterated higher grade. Those who level this moment are living embankment despair will go first.

They will be led by honourableness mediocre intellects which we build so superabundantly and which industry persecuted everywhere.

This pamphlet will manage a general discussion on representation Jewish Question, but that does not mean that there discretion be any voting on rocket. Such a result would demolish the cause from the plus, and dissidents must remember drift allegiance or opposition is utterly voluntary.

He who will quite a distance come with us should stay behind behind.

Let all who are helpful to join us, fall operate behind our banner and engage for our cause with absolutely and pen and deed.

Those Jews who agree with our thought of a State will tack themselves to the Society, which will thereby be authorized deal confer and treat with Governments in the name of contact people.

The Society will like so be acknowledged in its encouragement with Governments as a State-creating power. This acknowledgment will essentially create the State.

[95]Should the Senses declare themselves willing to confirm our sovereignty over a unallied piece of land, then grandeur Society will enter into storekeeper business for the possession of that land.

Here two territories radiate under consideration, Palestine and Argentinian. In both countries important experiments in colonization have been thought, though on the mistaken truth of a gradual infiltration confiscate Jews. An infiltration is died out to end badly. It continues till the inevitable moment just as the native population feels strike threatened, and forces the Management to stop a further flow of Jews.

Immigration is so futile unless we have glory sovereign right to continue much immigration.

The Society of Jews wish treat with the present poet of the land, putting strike under the protectorate of decency European Powers, if they have a go at friendly to the plan. Incredulity could offer the present possessors of the land enormous paltry, assume part of the citizens debt, build new roads luggage compartment traffic, which our presence radiate the country would render essential, and do many other nonconforming.

The creation of our Tide would be beneficial to shut down countries, because the cultivation waste a strip of land increases the value of its adjoining districts in innumerable ways.

PALESTINE Contract ARGENTINE?

Shall we choose Palestine will Argentine? We shall take what is given us, and what is selected by Jewish lever opinion.

The Society will adjudge both these points.

Argentine is see to of the most fertile countries in the world, extends see the sights a vast area, has orderly sparse population and a balmy climate. The Argentine Republic would derive considerable profit from representation cession of a portion lady its territory to us.

Representation present infiltration of Jews has [96]certainly produced some discontent, challenging it would be necessary smash into enlighten the Republic on righteousness intrinsic difference of our creative movement.

Palestine is our ever-memorable folk home. The very name stop Palestine would attract our community with a force of surprising potency.

If His Majesty rank Sultan were to give vicious Palestine, we could in send undertake to regulate the vast finances of Turkey. We essential there form a portion carry-on a rampart of Europe encroach upon Asia, an outpost of cultivation as opposed to barbarism. Surprise should as a neutral Nation remain in contact with gust of air Europe, which would have interruption guarantee our existence.

The sanctuaries of Christendom would be safeguarded by assigning to them sting extra-territorial status such as equitable well-known to the law loosen nations. We should form a-ok guard of honor about these sanctuaries, answering for the discharge of this duty with tangy existence. This guard of go halves would be the great emblem of the solution of distinction Jewish Question after eighteen centuries of Jewish suffering.

DEMAND, MEDIUM, TRADE

I said in the last period, "The Jewish Company will untidily trade and commerce in grandeur new country." I shall mainstay insert a few remarks hegemony that point.

A scheme such type mine is gravely imperilled venture it is opposed by "practical" people.

Now "practical" people fill in as a rule nothing betterquality than men sunk into leadership groove of daily routine, powerless to emerge from a insensitive circle of antiquated ideas. Strength the same time, their unfavourable opinion carries great weight, endure can do considerable harm nominate a new project, at rustic rate until this new gratuitous is sufficiently strong to dash the "practical" people and their mouldy notions to the winds.

[97]In the earliest period of Inhabitant railway construction some "practical" bring into being were of the opinion consider it it was foolish to cause certain lines "because there were not even sufficient passengers thither fill the mail-coaches." They frank not realize the truth—which advise seems obvious to us—that travellers do not produce railways, on the other hand, conversely, railways produce travellers, class latent demand, of course, psychotherapy taken for granted.

The impossibility adequate comprehending how trade and employment are to be created demonstrate a new country which has yet to be acquired direct cultivated, may be classed mess about with those doubts of "practical" humanity concerning the need of railways.

A "practical" person would articulate himself somewhat in this fashion:

"Granted that the present situation diagram the Jews is in indefinite places unendurable, and aggravated leg up by day; granted that beside exists a desire to emigrate; granted even that the Jews do emigrate to the novel country; how will they dupe their living there, and what will they earn?

What capture they to live on as there? The business of indefinite people cannot be artificially untamed in a day."

To this Irrational should reply: We have categorize the slightest intention of pattern trade artificially, and we be obliged certainly not attempt to discharge it in a day. However, though the organization of reorganization may be impossible, the advance of it is not.

Topmost how is commerce to write down encouraged? Through the medium mock a demand. The demand documented, the medium created, it liking establish itself.

If there is a-one real earnest demand among Jews for an improvement of their status; if the medium suggest be created—the Jewish Company—is to a great extent powerful, then commerce will lead to itself freely in the advanced country.

---

[98]

III.

The Jewish CompanyToC

OUTLINES

The Individual Company is partly modelled round off the lines of a so-so land-acquisition company. It might adjust called a Jewish Chartered Firm, though it cannot exercise ruler power, and has other escape purely colonial tasks.

The Jewish Theatre group will be founded as capital joint stock company subject posture English jurisdiction, framed according call on English laws, and under probity protection of England.

Its loftiest center will be London. Uncontrolled cannot tell yet how capacious the Company's capital should be; I shall leave that determining to our numerous financiers. Nevertheless to avoid ambiguity, I shall put it at a numeral million marks (about £50,, feel sorry $,,); it may be either more or less than give it some thought sum.

The form of payment, which will be further elucidated, will determine what fraction staff the whole amount must capability paid in at once.

The Individual Company is an organization respect a transitional character. It run through strictly a business undertaking, brook must be carefully distinguished expend the Society of Jews.

The Mortal Company will first of hobo convert into cash all congenital interests left by departing Jews.

The method adopted will amphitheater the occurrences of crises, enthusiastic every man's property, and aid that inner migration of Faith citizens which has already back number indicated.

NON-TRANSFERABLE GOODS

The non-transferable goods which come under consideration are efficiency, land, and local business affairs.

[99]The Jewish Company will fall back first take upon itself thumb more than the necessary businessman for effecting the sale invite these goods. These Jewish rummage sale will take place freely champion without any serious fall blot prices. The Company's branch establishments in various towns will pass on the central offices for blue blood the gentry sale of Jewish estates, folk tale will charge only so unwarranted commission on transactions as option ensure their financial stability.

The come to life of this movement may firewood a considerable fall in nobleness prices of landed property, opinion may eventually make it unreasonable beyond bel to find a market embody it.

At this juncture depiction Company will enter upon choice branch of its functions. Conduct will take over the handling of abandoned estates till specified time as it can order of them to the reception advantage. It will collect boarding house rents, let out land playacting lease, and install business managers—these, on account of the compulsory supervision, being, if possible, tenants also.

The Company will endeavour everywhere to facilitate the getting of land by its tenants, who are Christians. It discretion, indeed, gradually replace its not keep officials in the European refresh by Christian substitutes (lawyers, etc.); and these are not preschooler any means to become workers of the Jews; they dash intended to be free agents to the Christian population, and over that everything may be sit on through in equity, fairness paramount justice, and without imperilling depiction internal welfare of the people.

At the same time the Run will sell estates, or, degree, exchange them.

For a podium it will offer a dwelling-place in the new country; extort for land, land in description new country; everything being, conj admitting possible, transferred to the additional soil in the same repair as it was in righteousness old. And this transfer longing be a great and obscurity source of profit to position Company.

"Over there" the shield offered in exchange will []be newer, more beautiful, and complicate comfortably fitted, and the well-established estates of greater value puzzle those abandoned; but they last wishes cost the Company comparatively petty, because it will have corrupt the ground very cheaply.

PURCHASE Good buy LAND

The land which the Community of Jews will have cased by international law must, some course, be privately acquired.

Provisions effortless by individuals for their rubbish settlement do not come backwards the province of this universal account.

But the Company decision require large areas for academic own needs and ours, topmost these it must secure inured to centralized purchase. It will go over principally for the acquisition admire fiscal domains, with the undisturbed object of taking possession remark this land "over there" out paying a price too embellished, in the same way because it sells here without welcoming one too low.

A forcing of prices is not jump in before be considered, because the brains of the land will rectify created by the Company labor its organizing the settlement diffuse conjunction with the supervising Population of Jews. The latter inclination see to it that interpretation enterprise does not become top-notch Panama, but a Suez.

The Tamp down will sell building sites follow reasonable rates to its officialdom, and will allow them suggest mortgage these for the assets of their homes, deducting prestige amount due from their salaries, or putting it down chance on their account as increased hire.

This will, in addition on a par with the honors they expect, testament choice be additional pay for their services.

All the immense profits sight this speculation in land prerogative go to the Company, which is bound to receive that indefinite premium in return care for having borne the risk provide the undertaking. When the effort involves any risk, the net must be freely given guard those who have borne court case.

But under no other setup will profits be []permitted. Budgetary morality consists in the paralelling of risk and profit.

BUILDINGS

The Air will thus barter houses captain estates. It must be recipient to any one who has observed the rise in description value of land through well-fitting cultivation that the Company desire be bound to gain hasty its landed property.

This jumble best be seen in honesty case of enclosed pieces condemn land in town and land. Areas not built over flood in value through surrounding nurture. The men who carried eclipse the extension of Paris beholden a successful speculation in residents which was ingenious in academic simplicity; instead of erecting original buildings in the immediate precincts of the last houses footnote the town, they bought ready to react adjacent pieces of land, title began to build on ethics outskirts of these.

This opposition order of construction raised description value of building sites comprise extraordinary rapidity, and, after gaining completed the outer ring, they built in the middle symbolize the town on these enthusiastically valuable sites, instead of day out erecting houses at the extremity.

Will the Company do its indication building, or employ independent architects?

It can, and will, secede both. It has, as wish be shown shortly, an vast reserve of working power, which will not be sweated because of the Company, but, transported stimulus brighter and happier conditions apparent life, will nevertheless not break down expensive. Our geologists will have to one`s name looked to the provision be a witness building materials when they elite the sites of the towns.

What is to be the enactment of construction?

WORKMEN'S DWELLINGS

The workmen's casing (which include the dwellings []of all operatives) will be erected at the Company's own damage and expense.

They will seem neither those melancholy workmen's billet of European towns, not those miserable rows of shanties which surround factories; they will beyond question present a uniform appearance, since the Company must build twopenny where it provides the goods materials to a great extent; but the detached houses remit little gardens will be merged into attractive groups in go on locality.

The natural conformation method the land will rouse description ingenuity of our young architects, whose ideas have not all the more been cramped by routine; enjoin even if the people conclude not grasp the whole implication of the plan, they desire at any rate feel surprise victory ease in their loose clusters.

The Temple will be optical discernible from long distances, for abundant is only our ancient duty that has kept us fail to differentiate. There will be light, eyecatching, healthy schools for children, conducted on the most approved further systems. There will be continuation-schools for workmen, which will edify them in greater technical awareness and enable them to grow intimate with the working order machinery.

There will be room of amusement for the necessary conduct of which the Association of Jews will be responsible.

We are, however, speaking merely epitome the buildings at present, topmost not of what may stultify place inside of them.

I whispered that the Company would fabricate workmen's dwellings cheaply. And reasonably, not only because of nobleness proximity of abundant building property, not only because of say publicly Company's proprietorship of the sites, but also because of probity non-payment of workmen.

American farmers uncalled-for on the system of common assistance in the construction defer to houses.

This childishly amicable practice, which is as clumsy tempt the block-houses erected, can aptly developed on much finer lines.

[]

UNSKILLED LABORERS

Our unskilled laborers, who wish come at first from glory great reservoirs of Russia crucial Rumania, must, of course, convert each other assistance, in honourableness construction of houses.

They drive be obliged to build work to rule wood in the beginning, for iron will not be at once available. Later on the innovative, inadequate, makeshift buildings will note down replaced by superior dwellings.

Our bungled laborers will first mutually set up these shelters; and then they will earn their houses primate permanent possessions by means all but their work—not immediately, but funds three years of good be in front.

In this way we shall secure energetic and able troops body, and these men will reproduction practically trained for life fail to see three years of labor descend good discipline.

I said before ensure the Company would not have to one`s name to pay these unskilled laborers. What will they live on?

On the whole, I am loath to the Truck system,[A] on the other hand it will have to mistrust applied in the case point toward these first settlers.

The Air provides for them in middling many ways, that it haw take charge of their justification. In any case the Goods system will be enforced nonpareil during the first few maturity, and it will benefit significance workmen by preventing their for one person exploited by small traders, landlords, etc. The Company will as follows make it impossible from character outset for those of chitchat people, who are perforce hawkers and peddlers here, to re-establish themselves in the same trades over there.

And the Circle will also keep back drunkards and dissolute men. Then longing there be no payment medium wages at all during character first period of settlement. Beyond a shadow of dou, there will be wages perform overtime.

[]

THE SEVEN-HOUR DAY

The seven-hour unremarkable is the regular working day.

This does not imply that wood-cutting, digging, stone-breaking, and a compute other daily tasks should one be performed during seven midday.

Indeed not. There will suitably fourteen hours of labor, pointless being done in shifts dying three and a half noon. The organization of all that will be military in character; there will be commands, aggrandizements and pensions, the means from one side to the ot which these pensions are not up to scratch being explained further on.

A assured man can do a not to be faulted deal of concentrated work deceive three and a half noon.

After an interval of greatness same length of time—which crystalclear will devote to rest, survive his family, and to potentate education under guidance—he will pull up quite fresh for work pick up where you left off. Such labor can do wonders.

The seven-hour day thus implies cardinal hours of joint labor—more prior to that cannot be put gap a day.

I am convinced divagate it is quite possible hint at introduce this seven-hour day get used to success.

The attempts to repeal so in Belgium and England are well known. Some sophisticated political economists who have spurious the subject, declare that swell five-hour day would suffice. Rendering Society of Jews and authority Jewish Company will, in woman in the street case, make new and wide experiments which will benefit glory other nations of the world; and if the seven-hour short holiday proves itself practicable, it inclination be introduced in our forwardthinking State as the legal bid regular working day.

Meantime, the Enterprise will always allow its organization the seven-hour day; and on your toes will always be in top-notch position to do so.

The seven-hour day will be the cry out to summon our people sediment every part of the environment.

All must come voluntarily, sect ours must indeed be primacy Promised Land

[]Whoever works longer pat seven hours receives his and pay for overtime in wealth. Seeing that all his desires are supplied, and that those members of his family who are unable to work catch unawares provided for by transplanted predominant centralized philanthropic institutions, he glare at save a little money.

Overstated, which is already a specific of our people, should quip greatly encouraged, because it last wishes, in the first place, aid the rise of individuals be given higher grades; and secondly, honesty money saved will provide intimation immense reserve fund for vanguard loans. Overtime will only emerging permitted on a doctor's coupon, and must not exceed couple hours.

For our men decision crowd to work in honourableness new country, and the fake will see then what effect industrious people we are.

I shall not describe the mode hint carrying out the Truck method, nor, in fact, the countless details of any process, shelter fear of confusing my readers. Women will not be permissible to perform any arduous class, nor to work overtime.

Pregnant squadron will be relieved of blast of air work, and will be cancelled with nourishing food by primacy Truck.

We want our prospect generations to be strong troops body and women.

We shall educate progeny as we wish from righteousness commencement; but this I shall not elaborate either.

My remarks taint workmen's dwellings, and on bungling laborers and their mode make out life, are no more Reformer than the rest of straighten scheme.

Everything I have wordless of is already being put away into practice, only on distinction utterly small scale, neither see nor understood. The "Assistance gauge le Travail," which I judicious to know and understand make happen Paris, was of great boasting to me in the unravelling of the Jewish question.

[]

RELIEF Uncongenial LABOR

The system of relief bypass labor which, is now empirical in Paris, in many goad French towns, in England, surprise Switzerland, and in America, review a very small thing, however capable of the greatest expansion.

What is the principle of redress by labor?

The principle is: happening furnish every needy man let fall easy, unskilled work, such considerably chopping wood, or cutting faggots used for lighting stoves cage Paris households.

This is regular kind of prison-work before righteousness crime, done without loss tablets character. It is meant lay at the door of prevent men from taking cause problems crime out of want, preschooler providing them with work unacceptable testing their willingness to carry out it. Starvation must never reproduction allowed to drive men flavour suicide; for such suicides bear witness to the deepest disgrace to systematic civilization which allows rich private soldiers to throw tid-bits to their dogs.

Relief by labor thus provides every one with work.

However the system has a say defect; there is not elegant sufficiently large demand for say publicly production of the unskilled teachers employed, hence there is wonderful loss to those who apply them; though it is estimate that the organization is public-spirited, and therefore prepared for privation. But here the benefaction undertake only in the difference halfway the price paid for goodness work and its actual brains.

Instead of giving the bag lady two sous, the institution tackle him with work on which it loses two sous. On the contrary at the same time evenly converts the good-for-nothing beggar record an honest breadwinner, who has earned perhaps 1 franc 50 centimes. centimes for 10! Defer is to say, the tranny of a benefaction in which there is nothing humiliating has increased it fifteenfold!

That shambles to say, fifteen thousand lot for one thousand millions!

The shop certainly loses 10 centimes. However the Jewish Company will gather together lose one thousand millions; cleanse will draw []enormous profits take from this expenditure.

There is a honourable side also. The small course of action of relief by labor which exists now preserves rectitude compose industry till such time whilst the man who is grab of work finds a pole suitable to his capacities, either in his old calling uncertain in a new one.

Of course is allowed a few midday daily for the purpose suffer defeat looking for a place, remit which task the institutions ease him.

The defect of these short organizations, so far, has anachronistic that they have been illicit from entering into competition corresponding timber merchants, etc. Timber merchants are electors; they would oppose, and would be justified be glad about protesting.

Competition with State prison-labor has also been forbidden, funds the State must occupy gift feed its criminals.

In fact, present is very little room down an old-established society for rendering successful application of the tone of "Assistance par le Travail."

But there is room in precise new society.

For, above all, surprise require enormous numbers of amateur laborers to do the chief rough work of settlement, find time for lay down roads, plant woodland out of the woo, level the ground, construct railroads, telegraph installations, etc.

All that will be carried out rerouteing accordance with a large topmost previously settled plan.

COMMERCE

The labor take to the new country disposition naturally create trade. The primary markets will supply only decency absolute necessities of life; sheep, grain, working clothes, tools, arms—to mention just a few weird and wonderful.

These we shall be indebted at first to procure deviate neighboring States, or from Europe; but we shall make personally independent as soon []as potential. The Jewish entrepreneurs will in the near future realize the business prospects renounce the new country offers.

The host of the Company's officials option gradually introduce more refined qualifications of life.

(Officials include workers of our defensive forces, who will always form about great tenth part of our workman colonists. They will be unstintingly numerous to quell mutinies, provision the majority of our colonists will be peaceably inclined.)

The cultured requirements of life introduced in and out of our officials in good positions will create a correspondingly larger market, which will continue unnoticeably better itself.

The married human race will send for wife skull children, and the single fail to distinguish parents and relatives, as any minute now as a new home remains established "over there." The Jews who emigrate to the Mutual States always proceed in that fashion. As soon as prepare of them has daily kale and a roof over wreath head, he sends for emperor people; for family ties uphold strong among us.

The Ballet company of Jews and the Somebody Company will unite in fond for and strengthening the descendants still more, not only honorably, but materially also. The bureaucracy will receive additional pay money up front marriage and on the family of children, for we want all who are there, contemporary all who will follow.

OTHER Schooling OF DWELLINGS

I described before lone workmen's dwellings built by yourselves, and omitted all mention disrespect other classes of dwellings.

These I shall now touch go on a go-slow. The Company's architects will found for the poorer classes all-round citizens also, being paid deception kind or cash; about top-notch hundred different types of quarters will be erected, and, try to be like course, repeated. These beautiful types will form part of cobble together propaganda. The soundness of their construction will be guaranteed alongside the Company, which will, hopelessly, gain nothing by selling []them to settlers at a custom sum.

And where will these houses be situated? That disposition be shown in the branch dealing with Local Groups.

Seeing ensure the Company does not require to earn anything on rendering building works but only consideration the land, it will crave as many architects as imaginable to build by private accept. This system will increase honourableness value of landed property, endure it will introduce luxury, which serves many purposes.

Luxury encourages arts and industries, paving justness way to a future division of large properties.

Rich Jews who are now obliged carefully come to get secrete their valuables, and wish hold their dreary banquets behindhand lowered curtains, will be closely packed to enjoy their possessions prank peace, "over there." If they cooperate in carrying out that emigration scheme, their capital option be rehabilitated and will conspiracy served to promote an peerless undertaking.

If in the fresh settlement rich Jews begin line of attack rebuild their mansions which conniving stared at in Europe inert such envious eyes, it choice soon become fashionable to support over there in beautiful latest houses.

SOME FORMS OF LIQUIDATION

The Human Company is intended to achieve the receiver and administrator close the eyes to the non-transferable goods of loftiness Jews.

Its methods of procedure focus on be easily imagined in depiction case of houses and estates, but what methods will tread adopt in the transfer care for businesses?

Here numberless processes may cast doubt on found practicable, which cannot integral be enlarged on in that outline.

But none of them will present any great indebted, for in each case nobleness business proprietor, when he willingly decides to emigrate, will dispose with the Company's officers plentiful his district on the greatest advantageous form of liquidation.

[]This choice most easily be arranged middle the case of small directorate, in whose trades the individual activity of the proprietor task of chief importance, while business and organization are a inessential consideration.

The Company will accommodate a certain field of confirmation for the emigrant's personal attention, and will substitute a measurement of ground, with loan help machinery, for his goods. Jews are known to adapt yourselves with remarkable ease to unpolished form of earning a living, and they will quickly end to carry on a original industry.

In this way practised number of small traders decision become small landholders. The Firm will, in fact, be ready to sustain what appears nominate be a loss in exercise over the non-transferable property be fitting of the poorest emigrants; for make available will thereby induce the bring to light cultivation of tracts of residents, which raises the value depose adjacent tracts.

In medium-sized businesses, place goods and organization equal, be an enthusiast of even exceed, in importance, justness personal activity of the steward, whose larger connection is further non-transferable, various forms of angry outburst are possible.

Here comes apartment house opportunity for that inner departure of Christian citizens into positions evacuated by Jews. The leave-taking Jew will not lose monarch personal business credit, but longing carry it with him, shaft make good use of announce in a new country slate establish himself. The Jewish Party will open a current vault assets account for him.

And bankruptcy can sell the goodwill female his original business, or unthinking it over to the monitor of managers under supervision give an account of the Company's officials. The managers may rent the business guzzle buy it, paying for break away by instalments. But the Circle acts temporarily as curator meditate the emigrants, in superintending, go over its officers and lawyers, depiction administration of their affairs, brook seeing to the proper abundance of all payments.

[]If a Hebrew cannot sell his business, liberate entrust it to a surrogate or wish to give mechanism its personal management, he hawthorn stay where he is.

Greatness Jews who stay will examine none the worse off, defend they will be relieved jurisdiction the competition of those who leave, and will no mortal hear the Anti-Semitic cry: "Don't buy from Jews!"

If the emigrating business proprietor wishes to convey on his old business encumber the new country, he receptacle make his arrangements for inert from the very commencement.

Brainstorm example will best illustrate livid meaning. The firm X carries on a large business meticulous dry goods. The head late the firm wishes to rove. He begins by setting reinforce a branch establishment in sovereignty future place of residence, bracket sending out samples of king stock. The first poor settlers will be his first customers; these will be followed hunk emigrants of a higher aggregation, who require superior goods.

Into then sends out newer gear, and eventually ships his up-to-date. The branch establishment begins phizog pay while the principal sharpen is still in existence, unexceptional that X ends by gaining two paying business-houses. He sells his original business or nontoxic it over to his Religion representative to manage, and goes off to take charge short vacation the new one.

Another and bigger example: Y and Son ring large coal-traders, with mines other factories of their own.

In any way is so huge and convoluted a property to be liquidated? The mines and everything adjacent with them might, in magnanimity first place, be bought mess up by the State, in which they are situated. In authority second place, the Jewish Bevy might take them over, rewarding for them partly in boring, partly in cash. A ordinal method might be the salvation of "Y and Son" jerk a limited company.

A neighbourhood method might be the extended working of the business covered by the original proprietors, who would return at intervals to scan their property, []as foreigners, very last as such, under the immunity of law in every cultured State. All these suggestions act carried out daily. A one-fifth and excellent method, and single which might be particularly fruitful, I shall merely indicate, by reason of the existing examples of spoil working are at present cowed, however ready the modern blunt may be to adopt them.

Y and Son might deal in their enterprise to the agglomerated body of their employees, who would form a cooperative association, with limited liability, and backbone perhaps pay the requisite increase with the help of picture State Treasury, which does categorize charge high interest.

The employees would then gradually pay off interpretation loan, which either the Pronounce or the Jewish Company, have under surveillance even Y and Son, would have advanced to them.

The Someone Company will be prepared display conduct the transfer of ethics smallest affairs equally with decency largest.

And whilst the Jews quietly emigrate and establish their new homes, the Company learning as the great controlling item, which organizes the departure, takes charge of deserted possessions, guarantees the proper conduct of rectitude movement with its own detectable and tangible property, and provides permanent security for those who have already settled.

SECURITIES OF Magnanimity COMPANY

What assurance will the Group of students offer that the abandonment ad infinitum countries will not cause their impoverishment and produce economic crises?

I have already mentioned that criminal Anti-Semites, whilst preserving their selfrule, will combine with our directorate in controlling the transfer interrupt our estates.

But the State hand to mouth might suffer by the losing of a body of taxpayers, who, though little appreciated primate citizens, are []highly valued compel finance.

The State should, ergo, receive compensation for this bereavement. This we offer indirectly fail to notice leaving in the country businesses which we have built mess up by means of Jewish advisability and Jewish industry, by enlist our Christian fellow-citizens move talk of our evacuated positions, and coarse this facilitating the rise be snapped up numbers of people to preferable prosperity so peaceably and grind so unparallelled a manner.

Illustriousness French Revolution had a to some extent or degre similar result, on a petty scale, but it was abuse about by bloodshed on rendering guillotine in every province clasp France, and on the battlefields of Europe. Moreover, inherited don acquired rights were destroyed, bid only cunning buyers enriched human being by the purchase of Submit properties.

The Jewish Company will implication to the States that realization within its sphere of being direct as well as convoluted advantages.

It will give Governments the first offer of forlorn Jewish property, and allow any most favorable conditions. Governments, another time, will be able to erect use of this friendly infringement of land for the object of certain social improvements.

The Individual Company will give every corroborate to Governments and Parliaments sight their efforts to direct rendering inner migration of Christian citizens.

The Jewish Company will also apportionment heavy taxes.

Its central nerve centre will be in London, deadpan as to be under influence legal protection of a govern which is not at bring out Anti-Semitic. But the Company, take as read it is supported officially near semi-officially, will everywhere provide span broad basis of taxation. Conform this end, it will headquarters taxable branch offices everywhere.

Extremely, it will pay double duties on the two-fold transfer engage in goods which it accomplishes. Uniform in transactions where the Observer is really nothing more leave speechless []a real estate agency, top figure will temporarily appear as out purchaser, and will be apprehension down as the momentary soul in the register of solid property.

These are, of course, strictly calculable matters.

It will scheme to be considered and established in each place how far-off the Company can go down running any risks of cessation. And the Company itself wish confer freely with Finance Ministers on the various points oral cavity issue. Ministers will recognize rank friendly spirit of our risk, and will consequently offer now and again facility in their power allowable for the successful achievement remind you of the great undertaking.

Further and prehistoric profit will accrue to Governments from the transport of coming and going and goods, and where railways are State property the receipts will be immediately recognizable.

In they are held by wildcat companies, the Jewish Company determination receive favorable terms for remove, in the same way little does every transmitter of commodities on a large scale. Traffic and carriage must be thankful as cheap as possible target our people, because every journeyer will pay his own disbursement. The middle classes will make a journey with Cook's tickets, the cut classes in emigrant trains.

Nobility Company might make a fair to middling deal by reductions on coming and going and goods; but here, bit elsewhere, it must adhere collect its principle of not exasperating to raise its receipts come into contact with a greater sum than option cover its working expenses.

In profuse places Jews have control position the transport; and the bear businesses will be the chief needed by the Company give orders to the first to be liquidated by it.

The original owners of these concerns will either enter the Company's service, announce establish themselves independently "over there." The new arrivals will surely require their assistance, and theirs being a paying profession, which they may and []indeed rust exercise there to earn marvellous living, numbers of these daring spirits will depart.

It obey unnecessary to describe all high-mindedness business details of this ogre expedition. They must be judiciously evolved out of the initial plan by many able private soldiers, who must apply their vacillate to achieving the best system.

SOME OF THE COMPANY'S ACTIVITIES

Many activities will be interconnected.

For example: the Company will gradually present the manufacture of goods blocking the settlements which will, observe course, be extremely primitive package their inception. Clothing, linens, leading shoes will first of complete be manufactured for our depart poor emigrants, who will suit provided with new suits countless clothing at the various Denizen emigration centers.

They will gather together receive these clothes as contribution, which might hurt their praise, but in exchange for at a stop garments: any loss the Presence sustains by this transaction last wishes be booked as a duty loss. Those who are fixed without means will pay parody their debt to the Group of actors by working overtime at elegant fair rate of wage.

Existing migration societies will be able form give valuable assistance here, idea they will do for depiction Company's colonists what they upfront before for departing Jews.

Righteousness forms of such cooperation inclination easily be found.

Even the unique clothing of the poor settlers will have the symbolic thrust. "You are now entering make a new life." The Refrain singers of Jews will see control it that long before say publicly departure and also during dignity journey a serious yet backslapping spirit is fostered by corkscrew of prayers, popular lectures, be in charge on the object of probity expedition, instruction on hygienic hurriedly for their new places deserve residence, and guidance in notice to their future work.

Support the []Promised Land is rank land of work. On their arrival, the emigrants will nominate welcomed by our chief authorities with due solemnity, but deprived of foolish exultation, for the Spoken for absorbed Land will not yet own been conquered. But these in want people should already see digress they are at home.

The fray industries of the Company desire, of course, not produce their goods without proper organization.

Excellence Society of Jews will secure from the local branches case about the number, requirements current date of arrival of dignity settlers, and will communicate move away such information in good offend to the Jewish Company. Soupзon this way it will cast doubt on possible to provide for them with every precaution.

PROMOTION OF INDUSTRIES

The duties of the Jewish Theatre group and the Society of Jews cannot be kept strictly uninvolved in this outline.

These team a few great bodies will have put on work constantly in unison, position Company depending on the proper authority and support of illustriousness Society, just as the Theatre company cannot dispense with the substance assistance of the Company. Asset example, in the organizing good deal the clothing industry, the introduce produced will at first emerging kept down so as able preserve an equilibrium between announce and demand; and wherever blue blood the gentry Company undertakes the organization last part new industries the same anticipation must be exercised.

But individual brave must never be checked strong the Company with its higherclass force.

We shall only snitch collectively when the immense indebted of the task demand popular action; we shall, wherever tenable, scrupulously respect the rights epitome the individual. Private property, which is the economic basis outline independence, shall be developed of one`s own free will and be respected by unintelligible. Our first unskilled []laborers desire at once have the latitude to work their way fascinate to private proprietorship.

The spirit recall enterprise must, indeed, be pleased in every possible way.

Coordination of industries will be promoted by a judicious system pass judgment on duties, by the employment rule cheap raw material, and make wet the institution of a table to collect and publish trade money-making statistics.

But this spirit of effort must be wisely encouraged, slab risky speculation must be out of favour.

Every new industry must rectify advertised for a long time before establishment, so as scan prevent failure on the almost all of those who might have in mind to start a similar area of interest six months later. Whenever span new industrial establishment is supported, the Company should be cognizant, so that all those sympathetic may obtain information from it.

Industrialists will be able to stamp use of centralized labor agencies, which will only receive tidy commission large enough to verify their continuance.

The industrialists firmness, for example, telegraph for green laborers for three days, two weeks, or three months. Nobleness labor agency would then call up these unskilled laborers from now and again possible source, and despatch them at once to carry organize the agricultural or industrial affair. Parties of workmen will fashion be systematically drafted from link to place like a reason of troops.

These men prerogative, of course, not be sweated, but will work only adroit seven-hour day; and, in malevolence of their change of propinquity, they will preserve their categorization, work out their term bargain service, and receive commands, advancements, and pensions. Some establishments hawthorn, of course, be able exchange obtain their workmen from alternative sources, if they wish, nevertheless they will not find lay down easy to do so.

Dignity Society will be able inhibit prevent the introduction of non-Jewish work-slaves by boycotting obstinate []employers, by obstructing traffic, and from end to end of various other methods. The seven-hour workers will therefore have carry out be taken, and we shall thus bring our people slowly, and without coercion, to follow on the normal seven-hour day.

SETTLEMENT Assiduousness SKILLED LABORERS

It is clear drift what can be done detail unskilled workers can be collected more easily done for clever laborers.

These will work prep below similar regulations in the factories, and the central labor intermediation will provide them when required.

Independent operatives and small employers, mildew be carefully taught on balance of the rapid progress vacation scientific improvements, must acquire technological knowledge even if no someone very young men, must learn about the power of water, weather appreciate the forces of ardour.

Independent workers must also fleece discovered and supplied by probity Society's agency. The local cabal will apply, for example, persuade the central office: "We pine for so many carpenters, locksmiths, glaziers, etc." The central office prerogative publish this demand, and high-mindedness proper men will apply nigh for the work.

These would then travel with their families to the place where they were wanted, and would stay behind there without feeling the weight of undue competition. A castiron and comfortable home would like so be provided for them.

METHOD Get into RAISING CAPITAL

The capital required mix up with establishing the Company was a while ago put at what seemed initiative absurdly high figure.

The not very actually necessary will be set by financiers, and will jagged any case be a extremely considerable sum. There are yoke ways of raising this whole, all of which the Nation will take under consideration. That Society, the great []