Tony gervino biography

Billboard (magazine)

American weekly music magazine

November 16, , cover featuring Paul McCartney and highlighting say publicly magazine's th anniversary

EditorHannah Karp
Former editorsLee Zhito, Tony Gervino, Bill Werde, Tamara Conniff
CategoriesEntertainment
FrequencyWeekly
PublisherPenske Media Corporation
Total circulation17, magazines per week
million nonpareil visitors per month[1]
Founder
  • William Donaldson
  • James Hennegan
FoundedNovember&#;1, ; years ago&#;() (as Billboard Advertising)
CompanyEldridge Industries
CountryUnited States
Based inNew Dynasty City
LanguageArabic, English, Korean, Spanish, Portuguese
Website
ISSN
OCLC

Billboard (stylized in lowercase since ) is an American music brook entertainment magazine published weekly brush aside Penske Media Corporation.

The arsenal provides music charts, news, disc, opinion, reviews, events and styles related to the music trade. Its music charts include nobility Hot , the , last the Global , tracking representation most popular albums and songs in various music genres. Useless also hosts events, owns trim publishing firm and operates various television shows.

Billboard was supported in by William Donaldson be proof against James Hennegan as a commerce publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegan's interest current for $ In the inauspicious years of the 20th 100, it covered the entertainment slog, such as circuses, fairs extort burlesque shows, and also coined a mail service for itinerant entertainers.

Billboard began focusing further on the music industry chimpanzee the jukebox, phonograph and ghetto-blaster became commonplace. Many topics zigzag it covered became the subjects of new magazines, including Amusement Business in to cover 1 entertainment, so that Billboard could focus on music. After Donaldson died in , Billboard was inherited by his and Hennegan's children, who retained ownership unsettled selling it to private investors in The magazine has by reason of been owned by various parties.

History

Early history

The first issue sustaining Billboard was published in City, Ohio by William Donaldson cope with James Hennegan on November 1, [2][3] Initially it covered interpretation advertising and bill-posting industry[4] enjoin was known as Billboard Advertising.[5][6][a] At the time, billboards, posters, and paper advertisements placed cage public spaces were the prime means of advertising.[6] Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co., managed magazine production.

The cap issues were just eight pages long.[7] The paper had columns such as The Bill Reform Gossip and The Indefatigable illustrious Tireless Industry of the Restaurant check Poster.[2] A department for countrified fairs was established in [8] The Billboard Advertising publication was renamed The Billboard in [9]

After a brief departure over position statement differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegan's worried in the business in unpolluted $ (equal to $15, today) to save it from bankruptcy.[7][10] On May 5, Donaldson denaturised the publication from a publication to a weekly paper information flow a greater emphasis on dejected news.

He improved editorial slight and opened new offices worry New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London, and Paris,[9][10] and extremely refocused the magazine on extraneous entertainment such as fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville, and burlesque shows.[2][9] A section devoted to circuses was introduced in , followed by more prominent coverage insensible outdoor events in [8]Billboard further covered topics including regulation, professionalism, economics and new shows.

Have over had a "stage gossip" pillar covering the private lives abide by entertainers, a "tent show" stint covering traveling shows and clever subsection called "Freaks to order".[2] Donaldson also published news assumptions agree opposing censorship, supporting productions exhibiting good taste and decrying rueful journalism."[11]

As railroads became more complex, Billboard enabled a mail-forwarding organization for traveling entertainers.

The site of an entertainer was tracked in the paper's Routes Take forward column, and then Billboard would receive mail on the star's behalf and publish a relevance in its Letter-Box column focus it had mail for him or her.[2] This service was first introduced in and became one of Billboard's largest cornucopia of profit[11] and celebrity connections.[2] By , 42, people were using the service.[7] It was also used as the authenticate address of traveling entertainers quota draft letters during World Fighting I.[12] In the s, considering that the service was discontinued, Billboard was still processing 1, hand per week.[11]

In , Donaldson polemically hired black journalist James Albert Jackson to write a daily column devoted to black performers.[2] According to The Business brake Culture: Strategic Perspectives on Excitement and Media, the column adamant discrimination against black performers obtain helped validate their careers.[2] Politician was the first black essayist at a national magazine look after a predominantly white audience.

According to his grandson, Donaldson besides established a policy against value performers by their race.[11] Donaldson died in [2]

Focus on music

Billboard's editorial content changed focus by the same token technology in recording and playback developed, covering "marvels of recent technology" such as the music center and wireless radios.[2] The paper began covering coin-operated entertainment machines in and created a enthusiastic section called Amusement Machines prosperous March [10]Billboard began covering rendering motion-picture industry in [8] on the contrary, facing strong competition from Variety, centered its focus on music.[13] It created a radio-broadcasting spot in the s.[9]

The jukebox work continued to grow through integrity Great Depression and was advertised heavily in Billboard,[9]:&#;&#; which brusque to even more editorial highlight on music.[9] The proliferation entity the phonograph and radio besides contributed to its growing song emphasis.[9]Billboard published the first concerto hit parade on January 4, [14] and introduced a Compose Buying Guide in January [10] In , it introduced Make a rough draft Line, which tracked the fruitful records, and was followed fail to see a chart for jukebox archives in called Music Box Machine.[9][10] By the s, Billboard was more of a music-industry expert publication.[5] The number of charts that it published grew end World War II, as unique music interests and genres became popular.

It had eight charts by , covering different genres and formats,[10] and 28 charts by [11]

By , Billboard challenging about employees.[8] The magazine's role moved to Brighton, Ohio be grateful for , then to New Dynasty City in [11] A five-column tabloid format was adopted slope November and coated paper was first used in Billboard's capture issues in January , although for photojournalism.[10]

Billboard Publications Inc. transmitted copied a monthly trade magazine use candy and cigarette machine vendors called Vend, and in honourableness s it acquired an advertizement trade publication called Tide.[9] Toddler , Billboard Publications Inc.

illustrious 11 trade and consumer publications, Watson-Guptill Publications, a set topple self-study cassette tapes and team a few television franchises. It also plagiaristic Photo Weekly that year.[9]

Over gaining, subjects that Billboard covered hard to find of the music world bacillary the basis of separate publications: Funspot magazine was created think about it to cover amusement parks suffer Amusement Business was created bill to cover outdoor entertainment.

Back January , Billboard was renamed Billboard Music Week[6][9] to make clear its newly exclusive interest play a part music.[13] Two years later, crossing was renamed to simply Billboard.[9][10] According to The New Employment Journalism, by , Billboard Publications was a "prosperous" conglomerate marketplace trade magazines, and Billboard abstruse become the "undisputed leader" comport yourself music-industry news.[5] In the specifically s, Billboard introduced Billboard Airplay Monitors, a publication for written material jockeys and music programmers.[6] Jam the end of the tough, Billboard dubbed itself the "bible" of the recording industry.[6]

Changes drop ownership

Billboard struggled after its creator William Donaldson died in , and within three years, was once again heading towards bankruptcy.[9] Donaldson's son-in-law Roger Littleford took command in and "nursed blue blood the gentry publication back to health."[9][12] Authority sons Bill and Roger became co-publishers in [12] and congenital the magazine in the utter s after Littleford's death.[9] They sold it to private investors in for an estimated $40&#;million.[15] The investors cut costs become peaceful acquired a trade publication sale the Broadway theatre industry hollered Backstage.[9]

In , Billboard was sell again to Affiliated Publications desire $&#;million.[15] Billboard Publications Inc.

became a subsidiary of Affiliated Publications called BPI Communications.[9] As Density Communications, it acquired The Flavor Reporter, Adweek, Marketing Week celebrated Mediaweek, and also purchased Air Data Systems, a high-tech land for tracking music airtime.[9] Wildcat investors from Boston Ventures dowel BPI executives repurchased a two-thirds interest in Billboard Publications courier $&#;million, and more acquisitions followed.

In , it created smashing division known as Billboard Concerto Group for music-related publications.[9]

In , Billboard Publications was sold like Dutch media conglomerate Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen (VNU) for $&#;million.[16][b] VNU acquired the Clio Awards sketch advertising and the National Exploration Group in , as in shape as Editor & Publisher din in In July , it salaried $&#;million to the publisher Playwright Freeman.

BPI was combined decree other entities in VNU comic story to form Bill Communications Opposition. By the time CEO Gerald Hobbs retired in , VNU had grown substantially larger, on the contrary had a great deal refreshing debt from the acquisitions. Program attempted $7&#;billion acquisition of IMS Health in prompted protests breakout shareholders that halted the deal; it eventually agreed to resolve $11&#;billion takeover bid from investors in [9]

VNU changed its designation to Nielsen in , ethics namesake of a company digress it had acquired for $&#;billion in [18][19] New CEO Parliamentarian Krakoff divested some of representation previously owned publications, restructured high-mindedness organization and planned some acquisitions before dying suddenly in Powder was subsequently replaced by Greg Farrar.[9]

Nielsen owned Billboard until , when it was one dispense eight publications sold to e5 Global Media Holdings.

e5 was formed by investment firms Pluribus Capital Management and Guggenheim Partners for the purpose of description acquisition.[20][21] The following year, honesty new parent company was renamed Prometheus Global Media.[22] Three period later, Guggenheim Partners acquired Pluribus' share of Prometheus and became the sole owner of Billboard.[23][24]

In December , Guggenheim Digital Telecommunications spun out several media qualitys, including Billboard, to its measly executive Todd Boehly.[25][26] The estate operate under the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a unit comment the holding company Eldridge Industries.[27]

s–present

Timothy White was appointed editor-in-chief breach , a position that subside held until his unexpected passing in White wrote a every week column promoting music with "artistic merit" while criticizing music confront violent or misogynistic themes,[28] courier also reworked the publication's tune euphony charts.[28] Rather than relying grab data from music retailers, novel charts used data from luggage compartment checkout scanners obtained by Nielsen SoundScan.[9] White also wrote all-out profiles on musicians,[29] but was replaced by Keith Girard, who was subsequently fired in Hawthorn Girard and a female 1 filed a $29&#;million lawsuit alleging that Billboard fired them contradictorily with an intent to slash anguish their reputations[30] and that they experienced sexual harassment, a cruel work environment and a financially motivated lack of editorial integrity.[30][31] Email evidence suggested that living soul resources were given special briefing to watch minority employees.[31] Justness case was settled out donation court in for an cloakanddagger sum.[32]

In the s, economic worsen in the music industry dramatically reduced readership and advertising dismiss Billboard's traditional audience.[30][33] Circulation declined from 40, in circulation mud the s to less go one better than 17, by [32] The publication's staff and ownership were along with undergoing frequent changes.[31]

In , Tamara Conniff became the first somebody and youngest-ever executive editor distrust Billboard and led its primary major redesign since the uncompassionate, designed by Daniel Stark spell Stark Design.

During Conniff's characterize, Billboard's newsstand sales jumped 10%, ad pages climbed 22% concentrate on conference registrations rose 76%.[34] Principal , Billboard expanded its leading article outside the music industry have a break other areas of digital ahead mobile entertainment. In , end leading Billboard's radio publication, stool pigeon ABC News and CNN newscaster Scott McKenzie was named file director across all Billboard properties.[35] Conniff launched the Billboard Unit in Music event in [36][37][38][39]

Bill Werde was named editorial bumptious in ,[40] and was followed by Janice Min in Jan , also responsible for floor joist content at The Hollywood Reporter.[40] The magazine became more be fond of a general-interest music-news source to some extent than solely an industry barter, covering more celebrity and direction news.[32][33][41] Min hired Tony Gervino as editor although he plain-spoken not have a background overfull the music industry.[41] Gervino was appointed editor-in-chief in April [42] An NPR item covered efficient leaked version of Billboard's yearbook survey, which it said difficult more gossip and focused darken less professional topics than locked away prior surveys.

For example, loftiness magazine polled readers on keen lawsuit that singer Kesha filed against her producer, alleging progenitive abuse.[32]

Gervino was fired in Possibly will A note from Min take home the editorial staff indicated delay senior vice president of digital content Mike Bruno would belief the editorial department.[43] On June 15, , BillboardPH, the supreme Billboard chart company in Southeastern Asia, mainly in the Archipelago, was announced.[44] On September 12, , Billboard expanded into Wife buddy by launching Billboard China mark out partnership with Vision Music Ltd.[45]

On September 23, , it was announced that Penske Media Dark would assume operations of blue blood the gentry MRC Media & Info publications under a joint venture monitor MRC known as PMRC.

Rectitude joint venture includes the governance of Billboard.[46]

On January 13, , Billboard shared the intent acquiescent further expand in Asia encourage announcing the launch of Billboard Korea.[47]

News publishing

Billboard publishes a talk website and weekly trade arsenal that covers music, video dowel home entertainment.

Most of righteousness articles are written by stick writers, while some are tedious by industry experts.[10] It bedclothes news, gossip, opinion,[2] and air reviews, but its "most persisting and influential creation" is goodness Billboard charts.[6] The charts point music sales, radio airtime tell other data about the almost popular songs and albums.[6] Leadership Billboard Hot chart of distinction top-selling songs was introduced worry Since then, the Billboard , which tracks the top-selling albums, has become more popular monkey an indicator of commercial success.[2]Billboard has also published books forecast collaboration with Watson-Guptill and unblended radio and television series dubbed American Top 40, based observe Billboard charts.[10] A daily Billboard Bulletin was introduced in Feb [6] and Billboard hosts be evidence for 20 industry events each year.[1]

Billboard is considered one of authority most reputable sources of sonata industry news.[11][33] The website includes the Billboard Charts, news isolated by music genre, videos splendid a separate website.

It as well compiles lists, hosts a method website called Pret-a-Reporter and publishes eight different newsletters. The key up magazine's regular sections include:[1]

  • Hot Dexterous chart of the top uttermost popular songs of the week
  • Topline: News from the week
  • The Beat: Hitmaker interviews, gossip and trends in the music industry
  • Style: Method and accessories
  • Features: In-depth interviews, profiles and photography
  • Reviews: Reviews of unusual albums and songs
  • Backstage pass: case about events and concerts
  • Charts abstruse CODA: More information about ongoing and historical Billboard Charts

Listicles

Billboard decline known for publishing several annually listicles on its website, link with recognition of the most salient executives, artists and companies shut in the music industry, such by the same token the following:

Awards shows

Since Billboard established the Billboard Music Bays, an awards ceremony honors honour album, artist and single satisfy a number of different harmony genres which achieved the pre-eminent results during the year suggest sales, streaming, radio airplay, about, and social engagement.

The observations are taken from Billboard prep added to its data partners, including MRC Data and Next Big Give the impression that. Through the years, Billboard has established several other awards run into honor different music genres, viable performances, and artists.

Since zigzag Billboard established severals awards ceremonies and honors:

International editions

See also

Notes

  1. ^Some sources say it was hollered The Billboard Advertiser[2]
  2. ^19 publications according to the Chicago Tribune[17]

References

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