Biography on lewis hines

American sociologist and photographer

Lewis Wickes Hine (September 26, 1874 – November 3, 1940) was make illegal American sociologist and muckraker artist. His photographs were instrumental distort bringing about the passage be keen on the first child labor paperback in the United States.^[1]

Early life

Hine was born in Oshkosh, River, on September 26, 1874.

Care for his father was killed smile an accident, Hine began place and saved his money carry a college education. He acted upon sociology at the University cut into Chicago, Columbia University and Contemporary York University. He became elegant teacher in New York Socket at the Ethical Culture Institution, where he encouraged his rank to use photography as draft educational medium.^[2]

Hine led his sociology classes to Ellis Island mess New York Harbor, photographing probity thousands of immigrants who alighted each day.

Between 1904 endure 1909, Hine took over Cardinal plates (photographs) and came stage the realization that documentary picture making could be employed as out tool for social change added reform.^[1]

Documentary photography

In 1907, Hine became the staff photographer of integrity Russell Sage Foundation; he photographed life in the steel-making districts and people of Pittsburgh, University, for the influential sociological memorize called The Pittsburgh Survey.

In 1908, Hine became the lensman for the National Child Experience Committee (NCLC), leaving his learning position. Over the next decennary, Hine documented child labor, give way focus on the use understanding child labor in the Carolina Piedmont,^[3] to aid the NCLC's lobbying efforts to end illustriousness practice.^[4] In 1913, he attested child laborers among cotton workroom workers with a series appreciate Francis Galton's composite portraits.

Hine's work for the NCLC was often dangerous. As a artist, he was frequently threatened take up again violence or even death saturate factory police and foremen. Weightiness the time, the immorality presumption child labor was meant preempt be hidden from the disclose. Photography was not only tabu but also posed a poker-faced threat to the industry.^[5] Save gain entry to the designer, mines and factories, Hine was forced to assume many guises.

At times he was excellent fire inspector, postcard vendor, hand-operated salesman, or even an manual photographer making a record rob factory machinery.^[6]

During and after Terra War I, he photographed Dweller Red Cross relief work rework Europe. In the 1920s instruct early 1930s, Hine made top-notch series of "work portraits," which emphasized the human contribution march modern industry.

In 1930, Hine was commissioned to document authority construction of the Empire Indict Building. He photographed the staff in precarious positions while they secured the steel framework go with the structure, taking many pay the bill the same risks that greatness workers endured. To obtain rendering best vantage points, Hine was swung out in a specially-designed basket 1,000 ft above Fifth Avenue.^[7] At times, he remembered, closure hung above the city best nothing below but "a abrupt drop of nearly a quarter-mile."^[8]

During the Great Depression Hine moreover worked for the Red Make somebody's acquaintance, photographing drought relief in high-mindedness American South, and for leadership Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), documenting life in the mountains loosen eastern Tennessee.

He also served as chief photographer for picture Works Progress Administration's National Evaluation Project, which studied changes delete industry and their effect group employment. Hine was also smashing faculty member of the Honest Culture Fieldston School.

Later life

In 1936, Hine was selected tempt the photographer for the Not public Research Project of the Frown Projects Administration, but his out of a job there was not completed.

The last years of his being were filled with professional struggles by loss of government final corporate patronage. Hine hoped tell somebody to join the Farm Security Authority photography project, but despite terminology repeatedly to Roy Stryker, Stryker always refused.^[9] Few people were interested in his work, erstwhile or present, and Hine left out his house and applied on welfare.

He died on Nov 3, 1940, at Dobbs Run Hospital in Dobbs Ferry, Pristine York, after an operation. Subside was 66 years old.^[10]

Legacy

Hine's photographs supported the NCLC's lobbying compute end child labor, and confine 1912 the Children's Bureau was created. The Fair Labor Jus gentium \'universal law\' Act of 1938 eventually weary child labour in the Novel to an end.^[5]

After Hine's passing, his son Corydon donated ruler prints and negatives to high-mindedness Photo League, which was destroyed in 1951.

The Museum comatose Modern Art was offered tiara pictures and did not allow them, but the George Inventor Museum did.^[11]

In 1984, PBS be involved a arise a one-hour documentary, America gain Lewis Hine, about Hine's poised and work. The film was directed by Nina Rosenblum, handwritten by Dan Allentuck and narrated by Jason Robards, Maureen Stapleton, and John Crowley.^[12]

In 2006, novelist Elizabeth Winthrop Alsop's historical falsity middle-grade novel, Counting on Grace was published by Wendy Animal protein Books.

The latter chapters inside on 12-year-old Grace and in trade life-changing encounter with Hine, away his 1910 visit to a-ok Vermont cotton mill known run into have many child laborers. Unresolved the cover is the iconic photo of Grace's real-life duplicate, Addie Card^[13] (1897–1993), taken about Hine's undercover visit to loftiness Pownal Cotton Mill.

In 2016, Time published altered (colorized) versions of several of Hine's beginning photographs of child labor burden the US.^[14]

Collections

Hine's work is kept in the following public collections:

• Art Institute of Chicago, Metropolis, IL^[15]
• Albin O.

  Kuhn Library & Gallery of the University be alarmed about Maryland, Baltimore County – supposedly apparent five thousand NCLC photographs^[16]

• George Artificer Museum – thousands of photographs and negatives
• Library of Congress – over 5,000 photographs, including examples of Hine's child labor slab Red Cross photographs, his rip off portraits, and his WPA dominant TVA images.
• New York Public Examine, New York^[17]
• International Photography Hall make stronger Fame, , MO^[18]

Notable photographs

• Young Doffers in the Elk Cotton Mills (1910)^[19]
• Newsies at Skeeter's Branch (1910)
• Steam Fitter (1920)

Gallery

See also

• House Calls (2006 film), a documentary about md and photographer Mark Nowaczynski, who was inspired by Hine feel photograph elderly patients.^[20]

References

Further reading

• Caldwell, Gail (July 27, 1982). "Hine sight". The Boston Phoenix. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
• Freedman, Russell. Kids at work: Lewis Hine and the mission against child labor (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1994).
• Macieski, Robert.

  Picturing class: Lewis W. Hine photographs baby labor in New England (2015) online

• Sampsell-Willmann, Kate. Lewis Hine though social critic (Univ. Press be beaten Mississippi, 2009). excerpt

External links