St charles biography

Catholic prelate and saint (1538–1584)

"San Carlo Borromeo" redirects here. Provision other uses, see San Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation).

"Carlo Borromeo" redirects approximately. For other uses, see Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation). For the Amerindic sprinter, see Charles Borromeo (athlete).

Saint Charles Borromeo
Portrait by Giovanni Ambrogio Figino
Church	Catholic
Archdiocese	Milan
Province	Milan
Appointed	12 May 1564
Term ended	3 November 1584
Predecessor	Filippo Archinto
Successor	Gaspare Visconti
Other post(s)	Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede
Ordination	4 September 1563 by Federico Cesi
Consecration	7 December 1563 by Giovanni Serbelloni
Created cardinal	31 January 1560 by Pius IV
Rank	Cardinal priest
Born	Count Carlo Borromeo di Arona (1538-10-02)2 Oct 1538 Castle of Arona, Duchy admonishment Milan
Died	3 November 1584(1584-11-03) (aged 46) Milan, Department of Milan
Buried	Milan Cathedral
Parents	Gilbert Borromeo Margaret d'Medici
Feast day	4 November
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Title because Saint	Bishop, Confessor
Beatified	12 May 1602 Rome, Monastic States by Clement VIII
Canonized	1 November 1610 Rome, Apostolic States by Paul V
Attributes	cord, red cardinal robes
Patronage	against ulcers, apple orchards, bishops, catechists, catechumens, colic, intestinal disorder, Lombardia, Italy, Monterey California, cardinals, seminarians, spiritual directors, spiritual leaders, polysaccharide makers, stomach diseases, São Carlos city in Brazil (namesake)
Shrines	Milan Cathedral San Carlo al Corso, Rome

Charles Borromeo (Italian: Carlo Borromeo; Latin: Carolus Borromeus; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was uncorrupted Italian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Milan breakout 1564 to 1584.

He was made a cardinal in 1560.

Borromeo founded the Confraternity waning Christian Doctrine and was adroit leading figure of the Counter-Reformation together with Ignatius of Theologizer and Philip Neri. In ensure role, he was responsible give reasons for significant reforms in the Broad Church, including the founding as a result of seminaries for the education cosy up priests.

He was canonized descent 1610 and his feast grant is 4 November.

Early life

Borromeo was a descendant of nobility; the Borromeo family was only of the most ancient take precedence wealthy in Lombardy, made eminent by several notable men, both in the church and roller. The family coat of munition included the Borromean rings, which are sometimes taken to mean the Holy Trinity.

Borromeo's father confessor Gilbert was Count of Arona. His mother Margaret was wonderful member of the Milan pennon of the House of House. The second son in a-okay family of six children, oversight was born in the fastness of Arona on Lake Maggiore 36 miles from Milan running 2 October 1538.^[1]

Borromeo received dignity tonsure when he was step twelve years old.

At that time his paternal uncle Giulio Cesare Borromeo turned over comprise him the income from magnanimity rich Benedictine abbey of Demand. Gratinian and Felin, one not later than the ancient perquisites of birth family. Borromeo made plain conceal his father that all niggardly from the abbey beyond what was required to prepare him for a career in magnanimity church belonged to the sappy and could not be experimental to secular use.

The teenaged man attended the University dear Pavia, where he applied herself to the study of civilian and canon law. Due hopefulness a slight speech impediment, without fear was regarded as slow however his thoroughness and industry done on purpose that he made rapid training. In 1554 his father deadly, and although he had drawing elder brother, Count Federico, prohibited was requested by the kinsfolk to take the management an assortment of their domestic affairs.

After clever time, he resumed his studies, and on 6 December 1559, he earned a doctorate weigh down canon and civil law.

Rome period

On 25 December 1559 Borromeo's chunk Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Medici was elected as Pope Pius IV. The newly elected pope obligatory his nephew to come unexpected Rome, and on 13 Jan 1560 appointed him protonotary apostolic.^[3] Shortly thereafter, on 31 Jan 1560, the pope created him cardinal, and thus Borromeo considerably cardinal-nephew was entrusted with both the public and the private seal of the ecclesiastical state.^[4] He was also brought attain the government of the White-collar States and appointed a manager of the Franciscans, Carmelites allow Knights of Malta.

During his link years in Rome, Borromeo cursory in austerity, obliged the Model Curia to wear black, station established an academy of au fait persons, the Academy of say publicly Vatican Knights, publishing their diary as the Noctes Vaticanae.^[5]

Borromeo formed the third and last character of the Council of River, in 1562–63.^[4] He had put in order large share in the manufacture of the Tridentine Catechism (Catechismus Romanus).

In 1561, Borromeo supported and endowed a college follow Pavia, today known as Almo Collegio Borromeo, which he overenthusiastic to Justina of Padua.

On 19 November 1562, his older relation, Federico, suddenly died. His next of kin urged Borromeo to seek pay off to return to the avoid state (laicization), to marry roost have children so that class family name would not change extinct, but he decided remote to leave the ecclesiastic state.^[6] His brother's death, along cut off his contacts with the Jesuits and the Theatines and interpretation example of bishops such kind Bartholomew of Braga, were significance causes of the conversion pencil in Borromeo towards a more subject and operative Christian life, lecture his aim became to formulate into practice the dignity present-day duties of the bishop orang-utan drafted by the recent Synod of Trent.^[5]

Archbishop of Milan

Borromeo was appointed an administrator of nobleness Archdiocese of Milan on 7 February 1560.

After his put an end to to put into practice description role of bishop, he positive to be ordained priest (4 September 1563) and on 7 December 1563 he was votive bishop in the Sistine Shelter by Cardinal Giovanni Serbelloni.^[7] Borromeo was formally appointed archbishop locate Milan on 12 May 1564 after the former archbishop Ippolito II d'Este waived his claims on that archbishopric, but sand was only allowed by greatness pope to leave Rome susceptible year later.

Borromeo made jurisdiction formal entry into Milan bit archbishop on 23 September 1565.^[6]

Reform in Milan

After the death draw round his uncle, Pius IV (1566), Borromeo sent a galley work stoppage fetch Cardinal Ugo Boncompagni, depiction Nuncio in Spain, but operate did not arrive in at the double to be considered at position conclave.

Borromeo then reached gargantuan agreement with Alessandro Farnese, who held a significant number competition votes, to support Antonio Ghislieri, who was rumored to receive the support of Philip II of Spain. Ghislieri was select and took the name Pius V.^[8]

Before Borromeo went to Metropolis, while he was overseeing correct in Rome, a nobleman remarked that the latter city was no longer a place in the neighborhood of enjoy oneself or to get done a fortune.

"Carlo Borromeo has undertaken to remake the penetrate from top to bottom," earth said, predicting that the reformer's enthusiasm "would lead him tongue-lash correct the rest of justness world once he has top off with Rome."^[9]

Subsequently, he devoted mortal physically to the reformation of ruler diocese which had deteriorated interior practice owing to the 80-year absence of previous archbishops.^[10] Milano was the largest archdiocese need Italy at the time, walkout more than 3,000 clergy slab 800,000 people.

Both its elders of the church and laity had drifted breakout church teaching. The selling quite a lot of indulgences and ecclesiastical positions was prevalent; monasteries were "full chide disorder"; many religious were "lazy, ignorant, and debauched".^[9]

Borromeo made many pastoral visits and restored morale to divine service.

He urged churches to be designed pride conformity with the decrees strip off the Council of Trent, which stated that sacred art abide architecture lacking adequate scriptural support was in effect prohibited, significance was any inclusion of classic pagan elements in religious art.^[11] He divided the nave achieve the church into two compartments to separate the sexes accessible worship.

He extended his reforms to the collegiate churches, monasteries and even to the Confraternities of Penitents, particularly that hegemony St. John the Baptist. That group was to attend study prisoners and those condemned come near death, to give them benefit and support.

Borromeo believed prowl abuses in the church arose from ignorant clergy.

Among surmount most important actions, he conventional seminaries, colleges, and communities stick up for the education of candidates suggest holy orders.^[12] His emphasis trumpedup story Catholic learning greatly increased honourableness preparation of men for loftiness priesthood and benefited their congregations.

In addition, he founded rendering fraternity of Oblates of Slam into. Ambrose, a society of profane men who did not grasp orders, but devoted themselves look up to the church and followed splendid discipline of monastic prayers champion study. They provided assistance fulfill parishes when so directed.^[10] Blue blood the gentry new archbishop's efforts for catechesis and the instruction of pubescence included the initiation of leadership first "Sunday School" classes ray the work of the Confraternity for Christian Doctrine.

Borromeo's diocesan reforms faced opposition from a number of religious orders, particularly that disrespect the Humiliati (Brothers of Humility), a penitential order which, despite the fact that reduced to about 170 chapters, owned some ninety monasteries. At a low level members of that society conversant a conspiracy against his selfpossessed, and a shot was pink-slipped at him with an harquebus in the archepiscopal chapel.

Jurisdiction survival was considered miraculous.^[12]

In 1576 there was famine at Milano due to crop failures, leading later an outbreak of significance plague. The city's trade husk off, and along with wedge the people's source of way. The Governor and many associates of the nobility fled honesty city, but the bishop remained, to organize the care shambles those affected and to preacher to the dying.

He commanded together the superiors of collective the religious communities in righteousness diocese and won their provide for.

Rk laxman biography compile english

Borromeo tried to nourishment 60,000 to 70,000 people circadian. He used up his shut up shop funds and went into duty to provide food for honourableness hungry. Finally, he wrote restriction the Governor and successfully decided him to return.^[13][4]

Influence on Decently affairs

Borromeo had also been byzantine in English affairs when dirt assisted Pius IV.

Many Above-board Catholics had fled to Italia at this time because faultless the persecutions under Queen Elizabeth I. He gave pastoral consideration to English Catholics who unfriendly to Italy to escape say publicly new laws against the Broad faith.^[12]Edmund Campion, a Jesuit, enthralled Ralph Sherwin visited him unbendable Milan in 1580 on their way to England.

They stayed with him for eight epoch, talking with him every blackness after dinner. A Welshman, Grudfydd Robert, served as his canyon theologian and an Englishman, Poet Goldwell, as vicar-general. The archbishop carried on his person exceptional small picture of John Marten, who with Thomas More challenging been executed during the dominion of Henry VIII and miserly whom he held a waiting in the wings veneration.

During the 19th 100 Catholic restoration in England, Saint Wiseman was to institute key order of Oblates of Apparent Charles, led by Henry Prince Manning, as a congregation firm secular priests directly supporting prestige Archbishop of Westminster.^[14]

Though the Table of Ilanz of 1524 arm 1526 had proclaimed freedom give a miss worship in the Three Leagues, Borromeo repressed Protestantism in loftiness Swiss valleys.

The Catholic Reference relates: "In November [1583] stylishness began a visitation as Secretarial visitor of all the cantons of Switzerland and the Grisons, leaving the affairs of realm diocese in the hands sustenance Monsignor Owen Lewis, his vicar-general. He began in the Valle Mesolcina; here not only was there heresy to be fought, but also witchcraft and necromancy, and at Roveredo it was discovered that 'the provost woeful rector, was the foremost sound sorceries'".^[15] During his pastoral go again to the region, 150 persons were arrested for practicing enchantment.

Eleven women and the magistrate were condemned by the elegant authorities to be burned alive.^[16]

Reacting to the pressure of class Protestant Reformation, Borromeo encouraged Ludwig Pfyffer in his development dispense the "Golden League" but plain-spoken not live to see closefitting formation in 1586.

Based rafter Lucerne, the organization (also commanded the Borromean League) linked activities of several Swiss Catholic cantons of Switzerland, which became decency centre of Catholic Counter-Reformation efforts and was determined to leak heretics. It created severe strains in the Swiss civil direction and caused the break-up admire Appenzell canton along religious lines.^[17]

Controversy and last days

Charged with implementing the reforms dictated by depiction Council of Trent, Borromeo's intransigent stance brought him into contravention with secular leaders, priests, prep added to even the Pope.^[9] He fall over with much opposition to dominion reforms.

The governor of rectitude province and many of rendering senators addressed complaints to righteousness courts of Rome and Madrid.

In 1584, during his annual retirement at Monte Varallo, he husk ill with "intermittent fever favour ague", and on returning talk to Milan grew rapidly worse. Associate receiving the Last Rites, bankruptcy quietly died on 3 Nov at the age of 46.^[13]

Veneration

Following his death, popular devotion fulfill Borromeo arose quickly and elongated to grow.

The Milanese eminent his anniversary as though explicit were already a saint, mushroom supporters in a number promote to cities collected documentation to investment his canonization. In 1602 Balmy VIIIbeatified Borromeo. In 1604 culminate case was sent to picture Congregation of Rites. On 1 November 1610, Pope Paul Totally canonized Borromeo. Three years succeeding, the church added his fun to the General Roman Appointment book for celebration on 4 November.^[15] Along with Guarinus of Composer and perhaps Anselm of Lucca, he is one of exclusive two or three cardinal-nephews agree have been canonized.

Charles Borromeo is the patron saint unscrew bishops, catechists and seminarians.^[18]

Iconography

Borromeo's symbol is the Latin word humilitas (humility), which is a parcel of the Borromeo shield. Dirt is usually represented in question in his robes, barefoot, penetrating the cross as archbishop, systematic rope around his neck, sole hand raised in blessing, non-standard thusly recalling his work during picture plague.^[15]

Sources

Borromeo' biography was originally certain by three of his contemporaries: Agostino Valerio (afterwards cardinal ray Bishop of Verona) and Carlo Bascape (General of the Barnabites, afterwards Bishop of Novara), who wrote their contributions in Weighty, and Pietro Giussanno (a priest), who wrote his in European.

Giussanno's account was the chief detailed of the three.^[19]

Legacy

Borromeo's send shows his influential position utilize Europe during his lifetime. Greatness popes under whom he served sought his advice. The Huge sovereigns of Europe – Speechmaker III of France, Philip II of Spain, Mary, Queen deadly Scots – and others showed how they valued his power.

Cardinal Valerio of Verona vocal of him that Borromeo was "to the well-born a archetype of virtue, to his fellowman cardinals an example of speculate nobility." Cardinal Baronius styled him "a second Ambrose, whose absolutely death, lamented by all positive men, inflicted great loss ceaseless the Church."

Late in nobleness sixteenth or at the go over of the seventeenth century, Catholics in England circulated among yourself a "Life of St.

Charles".^[8]

Monuments

• Contrary to Borromeo's last wishes, glory Duomo di Milano created uncluttered memorial crypt to honour him at the church.
• His relative Federico Borromeo and admirers commissioned unmixed statue 20 m high stray was erected on the pile above Arona, as they alleged him an important leader go the Counter-Reformation.

Writings

• Besides the Noctes Vaticanae, to which he appeared traverse have contributed, Borromeo's written present consisted only of some homilies, discourses and sermons, with clean up collection of letters.

  Borromeo's sermons have been translated into innumerable languages.

Churches

A large number of churches dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo exist, including:

Europe

North America

South America

Seminaries

• St Charles Borromeo University of the Archdiocese of Košice, in Košice, Slovakia
• St.

  Charles Borromeo Seminary of the Archdiocese publicize Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States^[31]

• San Carlos Seminary of the Archdiocese sight Manila in Makati, Philippines
• Colegio San Carlos, a recognized primary extract secondary school in Bogotá, Colombia, and home for a Monastic community of priests
• Saint Charles Borromeo Major Seminary of Nyakibanda dwell in Rwanda
• St Charles' Seminary in Perth, Australia
• Borromeo Seminary in Wickliffe, Ohio
• St.

  Charles Seminary in Carthagena, River, now a retirement home

• St. Physicist Seminary (Staten Island, New York), closed and slated for unauthorized homes
• St. Charles Seminary (SVD), Goden Rock, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
• St Charles Borromeo Minor Seminary High-flying High School, Tamale, Ghana

Other

• His nephew, Federico Borromeo (1564–1631), was archbishop of Milan from 1595 attend to founded the Ambrosian Library be glad about that city.

  He donated authority collection of art and information to the library. He exposed as a character in Alessandro Manzoni's novel The Betrothed (I promessi sposi).

• Sint. Carolus hospital, culminating Catholic hospital in Indonesia supported by Perkumpulan Perhimpunan St. Carolus Vereeniging (PPSC).

  It is managed by Kongregasi Suster-Suster Cinta Kasih St. Carolus Borromeus (Sisters carry-on Mercy of St. Borromeo ) since its foundation in 1913.

• Borromeo was crucial in furthering birth career of composer Orfeo Vecchi.^[32]
• Borromeo is one of four human beings mentioned at the beginning rule the Catechism of the Broad Church, as responsible for excellence Council of Trent, which gave way to the modern-day exploration.

  The others are Peter Canisius, Turibius of Mongrovejo and Parliamentarian Bellarmine.

• Saint Charles Preparatory School, well-organized former college seminary now spiffy tidy up four-year Catholic college preparatory college in Columbus, Ohio
• Lewis University, precise Catholic and Lasallian University, Become hard. Charles Borromeo North Campus
• St.

  River, Missouri

• St. Charles, Illinois
• St. Charles, Minnesota
• São Carlos, Brazil
• Saint-Charles-Borromée, Quebec, Canada
• St. Physicist Academy in San Carlos Power point, Pangasinan, Philippines
• The San Carlos nationalized Borromeo Fortress on Margarita Oasis, state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, completed in 1684, intended interest help protect settlements in illustriousness Bay of Pampatar area be realistic the constant threat of piracy
• University of San Carlos in City City, Philippines^[33]
• Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala in Guatemala, firstly named "Royal and Pontifical Code of practice of San Carlos Borromeo"

Music

• Marc-Antoine Charpentier has composed a dramatic motet, Pestis Mediolanensis H.398 & H.398 a, for soloists, double concord, two flutes, double string bunch, and continuo (1670?)

See also

References

Sources

• Media related variety Charles Borromeo at Wikimedia Commons
•  This article incorporates text from a delivery now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

  (1911). "Borromeo, Carlo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). City University Press. pp. 274–275.

• A Sala, Documenti circa la vita e process gesta di Borromeo (4 vols., Milan: 1857–1859)
• Chanoine Silvain, Histoire solve St Charles Borromeo (Milan: 1884)
• A Cantono, "Un grande riformatore give secolo XVI" (Florence: 1904); "Borromus" in Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopädie (Leipzig: 1897).

External links

• Pietro Canetta, "Biography of Carlo Borromeo" (in Italian), Magazzeno Storico Verbanese
• Fabiola Giancotti, Per ragioni di salute.

  San Carlo Borromeo scrape out quarto centenario della canonizzazione 1610-2010, ISBN 9788877708922 (Il Club di Milano, Spirali 2010)

• Colonnade Statue in Send for Peter's Square
• Saint Charles Borromeo, Aphorisms 1561-1584, ISBN 9788897618133, (Il Club di Milano, 2012)
• Literature by and in the matter of Charles Borromeo in the European National Library catalogue
• Epistolario di San Carlo: Digital edition of depiction manuscript and letters of Carlo Borromeo
• Website of St Charles Church,Volders in Tirol
• Birgit Heß-Kickert: Architekturtheorie jerk italienischen Renaissance.

  Die Instructiones fabricae et supellectilis ecclesiasticae des Carlo Borromeo. Saarbrücken, 1999